Pleistocene birds of the Palearctic
This site is intended as a supplement to my book Pleistocene birds of the Palearctic: a catalogue (Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club No. 27, Cambridge, Mass. 1998, ix + 720 pp.) which contains data on more than 1,400 sites with Pleistocene avifaunas throughout the Palearctic region. The book may be purchased from The Nuttall Ornithological Club.
Paleornithology is however a very dynamic field at present, and new information is accumulating at a high rate. Therefore this site, which contains data which has become available since the manuscript was frozen in late 1996 as well as a number of older records which I had overlooked.
The format of the data is as close to that of the book as the limitations of HTML will permit and conventions and abbreviations are also the same. The site list is divided into two parts. Revised Sites which comprises sites included in my book but for which additional information has become available, and New Sites which are exactly what the name says. The current version contains 177 and 322 sites respectively in these categories. There is also a separate file for references.
Among the more notable records may be noted the first Pleistocene avifaunas to be reported from South Korea and Turkmenistan, the first certain fossil records of the Siberian Jay Perisoreus infaustus (from Strashnaya cave, Altai, Tonnelnaya and Nedostupnaya caves, Yenisey valley and Sesselfels in Bavaria), the first fossil record of Leucosticte arctoa from Denisova cave in the same area, of Cettia cetti (from Bulgaria (Cave No 16)) and of Polysticta stelleri (from Spain (Santa Catalina)), the first West Palearctic fossil records of Cyanopica cyanus (Vanguard and Gorham's caves, Gibraltar), a new species of owl Athene angelis from Corsica, a new Magpie, Pica moureri, from the Balearics and the first Middle Pleistocene record of the Great Auk Pinguinus impennis, from Boxgrove in Sussex.
I am updating this site as new data becomes available and I am therefore grateful for any corrections and additional information.
This list is also available as a single file in PDF Format (627 kb).
If You would like to be informed by email when this site is updated, send a message to the address below.
Tommy Tyrberg
Kimstadsv. 37
SE-610 20 Kimstad
Sweden
tommy.tyrberg@norrkoping.mail.telia.com
Last updated February 24, 2008.
Part 1, Revised Sites (177)
Part 2, New Sites (322)
Part 3, References
Revised Sites
ARMENIA
AR 1 Jerevan
Type: c
Sources: Burchak-Abramovich 1974,1975, Burchak-Abramovich & Burchak 1982, (Erincjan 1970, Mezhlumyan 1972)
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Columba sp., Larus sp.,
Det.: Burchak-Abramovich
AR 2 Jerevan
Type: c
Sources: Baryshnikov & Potapova 1988, Burchak-Abramovich & Burchak 1982, (Burchak-Abramovich & Mezhlumyan 1975)
Fauna: Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Anas platyrhynchos, Corvus corone
Det: Burchak-Abramovich
AUSTRIA
AU 2 Deutsch-Altenburg (Niederösterreich)
Alt: 210-312 Type: c
Sources: Anon 1998, Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Jánossy 1981b, Mlikovsky 1998a
Layer: Loc. 2C1 Date: EP Older Biharium
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix, Palaeocryptonyx donnezani, Aegolius funereus, Hirundo rustica, Turdus sp.
Layer:Loc 2D-E Date: EP
Fauna: Pinicola cf enucleator
Layer: Loc. 4B Date: EP Older Biharium MNQ 19
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus atavus, Perdix perdix, Glaucidium cf passerinum, Picus viridis, Dendrocopos major, Hirundo rustica, Lusciniasp., Turdus spp., Garrulus glandarius, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Emberiza sp.
Det.: Jánossy
Layer: Loc 12 Date EP Older Biharium
Fauna: cf Serinus sp.
Layer: Loc 26 Date: MP
Fauna: Francolinus capeki
Stored: Inst. Paläont. Univ. Wien
AU 3 Drachenhöhle bei Mixnitz (Steiermark)
Alt: 949
Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer 2000, Lambrecht 1933, Wolf 1938-41 (Abel & Kyrle 1931)
Layer: Obere Schichte Date: LP ”Mittelwürm” Aurignacien 14C=25,040±270 BP
Fauna: Accipiter nisus, Monticola saxatilis, Parus caeruleus, Lanius sp., Corvus monedula, Garrulus glandarius, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: Unstratified
Fauna: Dendrocopos leucotos
Det.: Lambrecht
Stored: Inst. Paläont. Univ. Wien, Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Naturhist. Mus. Wien
AU 5 Grosse Badlhöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 495 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer & Reiner 1996, Fladerer 1993, Mottl 1953,1975, Musil 1980b
Layer: Bärenhalle 3 (=3*) Date: LP "Mittelwürminterstadial", UP
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus
Det.: Mottl?
Layer: Unterer Eingang 4, "Kleinsäugerschicht" Date: LP LG Bölling/Dryas 2 14C=12430±95 BP
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Asio flammeus, Prunella collaris
Det.: Mlíkovský
Stored: Landesmuseum Joanneum
Notes: A. k. a. Badlhöhle, Badelhöhle
AU 6 Gudenushöhle (Niederösterreich)
Alt: 496 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Lambrecht 1933, Mlíkovský in pr., Woldrich 1893 (Menghin 1919)
Date: LP (Mousterien and Magdalenien)
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Falco tinnunculus, Falco peregrinus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Crex crex, Nyctea scandiaca, Alauda arvensis, Turdus spp., Corvus monedula, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Emberiza spp.
Det.: Woldrich, Mlíkovský Stored: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien
Notes: A. k. a. Fuchsloch, Fuchsenlucken, Fuchshöhle, Hartensteinhöhle
AU 7 Hundsheim (Niederösterreich)
Alt: 270 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Jánossy 1972a,1974c,1976c,1977a,1980,1981a, Lambrecht 1933, Mlíkovský 1998b, 2002 (Ehrenberg 1914)
Date: MP "Early MP" MNQ 22
Fauna: Tetrao praeurogallus, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Glaucidium cf passerinum, Strix intermedia, Aegypius monachus, Gyps fulvus, Otis tarda, Apus apus, Merops cf apiaster, Upupa phoeniculoides, Dendrocopos submajor, Dendrocopos praemedius, Turdus aff viscivorus, Turdus cf philomelos, Phylloscopus sp., Regulus sp., Muscicapa cf striata, Anthus cf cervinus, Pinicola sp., Aquila cf heliaca, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix cf perdix, Coturnix cf coturnix, Scolopax cf rusticola, Columba cf palumbus, Alauda cf arvensis, Hirundo cf rustica, Motacilla sp., Phoenicurus cf phoenicurus, Oenanthe cf oenanthe, Parus cf major, Parus cf palustris, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Det.: Jánossy, Mlíkovský
Notes: A. k. a. Hundsheimer Spalte, Knochenspalte
AU 8 Hundssteig bei Krems (Niederösterreich)
Alt: 250 Type: o
Sources: Fladerer 2002, Fladerer & Salcher 2003, Lambrecht 1933, Wiegers 1912
Date: LP Probably Aurignacian c. 27,000 - 35,000 BP
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao urogallus, Branta cf bernicla, Turdus cf philomelos
Det: Maska, Rabeder
Notes: A. k. a. Krems-Hundssteig.
AU 9 Luegloch (Steiermark)
Alt: 550 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer & Rainer 1996, Mottl 1953,1975, Musil 1980b, Spahni 1954
Layer: 4 Date: LP, LG?
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Tetrastes bonasia, Strix uralensis, Asio flammeus, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Gelbbrauner Lehm
Layer: 3 Date: LP, Late Würmian Pleniglacial?
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Nyctea scandiaca, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Nagerschicht, Lössartiges hellgelbes sediment
Layer: 2 Date: LP UP (Gravettian?) Mid-Würmian?
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Aegolius funereus, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Grauer sand
Layer: 1 Date: LP Mid-Würmian?
Fauna: Aythya ferina?, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Strix uralensis, cf Asio otus, cf Turdus sp., Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Rostroter Lehm
Det.: Mottl?
Notes: A. k. a. Oxenloch.
AU 11 Repolusthöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 525
Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer 1993,2000, Jánossy 1976c, 1978, 1989a, Mlíkovský 1998b, Mottl 1951,1975, Musil 1980b
Layer: 4 (Grauer Sand - Obere Kulturschicht) Date: MP Late MP IS 6-7, Ca 130-250 KA BP
Fauna: Aegypius monachus, Aquila sp.
Layer: 5 (Rostbrauner Phosphaterde - Untere Kulturschicht) Date: MP Late MP, IS 6-7, ca 130-250 KA BP
Fauna: Aegypius monachus, Aquila sp., Tetrao tetrix
Notes:
Det.: Mottl, Jánossy Stored: Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz
AU 12 Salzofenhöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 2005 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Ehrenberg 1959
Date: LP 14C=31,200±1,100, 34,000±3,000, >44,500, >54,000 BP
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Fringilla montif ringilla, Emberiza citrinella
Stored: Bad Auseer Kammerhofmuseum, Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Inst. Paläont. Univ. Wien
AU 13 Schlenkendurchgangshöhle (Salzburg)
Alt: 1590 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Ehrenberg & Mais 1969,1977
Date: LP LG?
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax graculus?
Det.: Frey & Rokitansky
Notes: A. k. a. Schlenkenhöhle
AU 14 Schreiberwandhöhle (Oberösterreich)
Alt: 2250 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Ehrenberg & Sickenberg 1929, Lambrecht 1933, Musil 1980b, Wolf 1938-41
Layer: Phosphaterde Date: LP Mid-Würmian Interstadial?
Fauna: Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, Corvus monedula, Carduelis cannabina, Lanius excubitor
Det.: Lambrecht
Stored: Inst. Paläont. Univ. Wien
Notes: A. k. a. Bärenhöhle am Dachstein, Adamek-Höhle.
AU 22 Grosse Ofenbergerhöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 766 Type: c
Sources: Bochenski & Tomek 1994, Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer 2000, Fladerer & Reiner 1996
Date: LP Mid-Late Würmian 14C = 13,690 ± 100 BP
Fauna: Anser erythropus, Anas platyrhynchos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco sp., Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Bonasa bonasia, Gallus gallus, cf Gallinula chloropus, Scolopax rusticola, Gallinago media, Lymnocryptes minimus, Tringa sp., Nyctea scandiaca, Asio flammeus, Eremophila alpestris, Hirundo rustica, Delichon urbica, Cinclus cinclus, Phoenicurus ochruros, cf Oenanthe oenanthe, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Emberiza sp., Montifringilla nivalis
Det: Bochenski & Tomek
Stored. Steiermärkischen Landesmuseum, Inst. für Geol. u. Pal. der Univ. Graz, Naturhist. Mus. Wien
Note: A. k. a. Of(f)enbergerhöhle 1, Of(f)enberger Südosthöhle
AU 24 Knochenhöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 860 Type: c
Sources: Bochenski & Tomek 1994, Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer 2000, Fladerer & Reiner 1996
Date: LP 14C=14,070±100 BP
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, cf Gallinula chloropus, Crex crex, Nyctea scandiaca, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Det: Bochenski & Tomek
Note: A. k. a. Knochenhöhle bei Kapellen
AU 25 Nixloch (Oberösterreich)
Alt: 770 Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Mlíkovský 1992a, Bochenski & Tomek 1994
Layer: B
Date: ”Hochglazial” 14C=18,510±580 BP
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A (part)
Date: LG 14C=10,550±150 BP
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrastes bonasia, Charadrius morinellus, Gallinago media, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Turdus sp., Pinicola enucleator
Layer: A (part)
Date: LG-Early Holocene
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Turdus sp
Layer: A (Disturbed) Date: LG-Holocene
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Bonasa bonasia, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Gallinula chloropus, Charadrius morinellus, Philomachus pugnax, Gallinago media, Surnia ulula, Aegolius funereus, cf Bubo/Nyctea sp., Picus canus, Hirundo daurica/rustica, Prunella collaris, Erithacus rubecula, Turdus iliacus, Turdus spp., Lanius excubitor, Garrulus glandarius, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pinicola enucleator
Det: Mlíkovský
Stored: Institut für Paläontologie der Universität Wien
Notes: A. k. a. Nixhöhle, Nixlucke, Nixgrotte
AU 26 Tropfsteinhöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 478
Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer 1993 (Mottl 1975)
Layer: 20-25
Date: MP/LP (redeposition) 14C=24,200±900, 27,000+4,500-2,900 BP
Fauna: Falco subbuteo, Lagopus sp., Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: 18-19
Date: LP "Hochglazial - frühem Spätglazial"
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax.
Layer: 17
Date: MP/LP (redeposition)
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: Mottl 0-1,3 m
Date: MP/LP (redeposition)
Fauna: Tetrao urogallus, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: Unstratified
Date: MP/LP (redeposition)
Fauna: Aegypius monachus, Falco cf peregrinus, Tetrao urogallus, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Stored: Inst. Paläont. Univ. Wien, Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz
Notes: A k a Kugelsteinhöhle II, Bärenhöhle II am Kugelstein, Tropfsteinhöhle bei Kugelwand.
AU 27 Tunnelhöhle (Steiermark)
Alt: 485
Type: c
Sources: Döppes & Rabeder 1997, Fladerer 1993, (Mottl 1975)
Layer: 24
Date: LP Glacial Maximum 14C=18,080±140 BP
Fauna: Lagopus sp.
Layer: Roter Lehm
Date: LP Mid-Würmian?
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: Gelbbr. Sand
Date: LP
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer. Grauer Sand
Date: LP
Fauna: Aegypius monachus, Falco peregrinus, Lagopus sp., Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: Unstratified
Date: LP
Fauna: Aegypius monachus, Falco peregrinus, Lagopus sp., Pyrrhocorax graculus
Stored: Inst. Paläont. Univ. Wien, Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz Notes: A k a Kugelsteinhöhle III, Bärenhöhle 3 am Kugelstein, Friedrichshöhle
AZERBAIJAN
AZ 1 Azykh (Nagorno Karabakh)
Type: c
Sources: Baryshnikov & Potapova 1988, Burchak-Abramovich 1991, Burchak-Abramovich & Aliev 1989, 1990, Burchak-Abramovich & Burchak 1982, Ganja & Burchak-Abramovich 1992, Potapova 2000
Layer: Cultural Layer V
Date: MP "Middle" Acheulean, MNQ 22
Fauna: Anas acuta, Aquila sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo buteo, Haliaetus albicilla, Aegypius monachus, Gypaetus osseticus, Falco biarmicus, Falco vespertinus, Falc naumanni, Falco tinnunculus, Perdix perdix, Alectoris graeca mediterranea, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Columba palumbus, Bubo bubo, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Passeriformes sp.
Layer: Cultural Layer VI
Date: MP Early Acheulean, MNQ 21
Fauna: Falco vespertinus
Det: Burchak-Abramovich, Potapova
Notes: A. k. a. Asikhskaya, Asychskaya. The dating of this site is controversal, some sources consider it older than the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary which would put it in EP (MNQ 20) , however this probably only applies to layers VII-X..
AZ 2 Binagady
Type: o
Sources: Burchak-Abramovich 1962,1965c,1966a,1968a,b,1975, Panteleyev & Burchak-Abramovich 2000a,b
Date: MP/LP ca 95-120 KA BP?
Fauna: Podiceps auritus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Pelecanus crispus palaeocrispus, Platalea leucorodia, Ciconia nigra, Plegadis falcinellus, Ardea cinerea, Ardea purpurea, Egretta alba, Egretta garzetta, Bubulcus ibis, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ixobrychus minutus, Botaurus stellaris, Cygnus olor, Anser azerbaidzhanicus, Anser anser, Anser albifrons, Branta ruficollis, Tadorna ferruginea, Tadorna tadorna, Anas acuta, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Anas platyrhynchos palaeoboschas, Anas penelope, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Aythya marila asphaltica, Melanitta fusca, Clangula hyemalis, Bucephala clangula, Mergus albellus, Falco peregrinus, Falco tinnunculus, Accipiter gentilis, Circus cyaneus, Circus macrourus, Circus aeruginosus, Milvus sp., Haliaeetus albicilla, Neophron percnopterus, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Aquila chrysaetos, Aquila heliaca, Aquila rapax, Aquila clanga, Aquila pomarina, Hieraaetus pennatus, Buteo rufinus, Perdix perdix, Alectoris graeca, Columba livia, Pterocles orientalis, Fulica atra, Porzana sp., Grus leucogeranus, Grus bogatshevi, Grus grus, Anthropoides virgo, Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, Burhinus oedicnemus, Pluvialis squatarola, Pluvalis fulva, Charadrius morinellus, Vanellus vanellus, Calidris sp., Philomachus pugnax, Philomachus binagadensis, Tringa erythropus, Tringa totanus, Tringa nebularia, Tringa ochropus, Tringa glareola, Actitis hypoleucos, Xenus cinereus, Limosa limosa?, Limosa lapponica, Numenius arquata, Numenius tenuirostris, Numenius phaeopus, Gallinago gallinago, Larus argentatus, Larus hyperboreus?, Nyctea scandiaca, Bubo bubo, Bubo binagadensis, Asio flammeus, Asio otus, Otus scops?, Athene noctua, Aegolius funereus, Calandrella rufescens, Melanocorypha bimaculata, Turdus merula, Turdus iliacus, Garrulus glandarius assiduus, Corvus corax, Corvis ruficollis, Corvus corone, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus monedula, Pica pica
Det.: Serebrovskii, Burchak-Abramovich, Panteleyev
BELGIUM
BE 2 Goyet (Namur)
Alt: 140 Type: c
Sources: Friant 1950, 1952, Mlíkovský 2000a
Date: LP Early Aurignacian - Mousterian
Fauna: Aegypius monachus
Det.: Friant, Mlíkovský Stored: Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique Bruxelles
BE 11 Trou de Chaleux (Namur)
Type: c
Sources: Charles 1998, Dupont 1872, Lambrecht 1933, Wolf 1938-41
Date: LP LG Magdalenian Bölling 14C=12370-12990 BP
Fauna: Anser fabalis, Anas sp., Haliaeetus albicilla, Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao tetrix, Tetrao urogallus, Nyctea scandiaca?, Bubo bubo, Asio otus, Turdus pilaris, Garrulus glandarius, Corvus corax
Det.: Dupont, Harrison Stored: IRScNB
Notes: A. k. a. Trou du Chaleux.
BE 15 Trou des Nutons (Namur)
Type: c
Sources: Charles 1998, Dupont 1872, Lambrecht 1933, Wolf 1938-41
Date: LP LG Magdalenian 14C=12,630±140 BP
Fauna: Anser sp., Anas platyrhynchos,, Haliaeetus albicilla, Perdix perdix, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao tetrix, Tetrao urogallus, Columba palumbus, Turdus pilaris, Turdus viscivorus, Corvus frugilegus, Pica pica
Det.: Dupont
Stored: IRScNB
BULGARIA
BU 2 Cave N:o 16
Alt: 200
Type: c
Sources: Boev 1992,1993,1995,1997,1998a,1998e,1999a,1999b,2001a
Date: LP ca 18-50 KA BP
Fauna: Accipiter nisus, Accipiter sp., Falco tinnunculus Falco vespertinus, Falco sp., Coturnix coturnix, Perdix perdix, Perdix cf paleoperdix, Perdix/Alectoris sp., Phasianus colchicus, Lagopus sp., Tetrao tetrix, Tetrastes bonasia, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Porzana parva/pusilla, Gallinula chloropus, Larus cf ridibundus, Columba livia, Columba livia/oenas, Otus scops, Strix aluco, Asio otus, Apus melba, Apus apus, Dendrocopos minor, Alauda arvensis, Delichon urbica, Alaudidae sp. Anthus trivialis, Bombycilla garrulus, Erithacus rubecula, Cettia cetti, Turdus merula, Turdus pilaris, Turdus philomelos, Turdus torquatus, Turdus sp., Monticola cf saxatilis, Sitta europaea, Lanius collurio, Sturnus vulgaris, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pica pica, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corax, Carduelis cannabina, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Loxia curvirostra, Passer montanus, Passer sp., Fringilla coelebs, Fringilla sp.
Det.: Boev
BU 3 Morovitsa cave
Alt; 690
Type: c
Sources: Boev 1992,1993,1995,1999a,2001a,2006c
Date: MP MNQ 23, ca 180-350 KA BP
Fauna: Coturnix coturnix, Alectoris graeca, Perdix perdix, Alauda arvensis, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Passeriformes sp.
Det.: Boev
BU 4 Temnata Cave
Alt: 200
Type: c
Sources: Boev 1994, 1998,1999a,2001a,2002,2006c
Layer: 1a Date: LP
Fauna: Buteo sp., Galliformes, Lullula arborea, Riparia cf riparia, Turdus viscivorus, Corvus monedula
Layer: 3a Date: LP 14C=13600±200, 13920±480 BP
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Tetrao sp., Strix aluco, Asio otus, Aegolius funereus, Apus apus, Dendrocopos minor, Turdus viscivorus, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Sturnus vulgaris, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Corvus sp.
Layer: 3c Date: LP
Fauna: Anatidae, Alauda cf arvensis, Oenanthe oenanthe, Sturnus vulgaris, Corvus monedula
Layer: 3d Date: LP 14C=28900±1100, 29700±1600 BP
Fauna: Aquila pomarina, Aegypius monachus, Circus cyaneus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco sp., Alectoris graeca, Alectoris sp.?, Perdix perdix, Streptopelia turtur, Columba oenas, Bubo bubo, Alauda arvensis, Pica pica, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Corvus monedula
Layer: 3a/d Date: LP
Fauna: Turdus merula
Layer: 3c/d Date: LP
Fauna: Falco vespertinus, Crex crex
Layer: 3g Date: LP ca 30 Ka BP
Fauna: Crex crex, Pica pica
Layer: 3 Date: LP
Fauna: Falco sp., Perdix perdix, Lanius collurio, Corvus monedula
Layer: 3/4 Date: LP 14C=31900±1600 BP (top of layer 4), 45000±7000, 46000±8000 BP (layer 4)
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Corvus monedula
Layer: IV
Date: EP, ca 1.6 Ma BP
Fauna: Buteo sp., Coturnix coturnix, Alectoris graeca, Alauda arvensis, Lullula arborea, cf Riparia riparia, Luscinia cf megarhynchos, Turdus viscivorus, , Corvus monedula, Pyrrhoorax graculus
Det.: Boev Stored: National Museum of Natural History Sofia
Notes: A. k. a. Temnata Doubka, Temnata Doupka and Temnata Dupka.
BU 6 Slivnitsa
Type: c
Sources: Boev 1995,1996,1998c,1999a,2000a,d.
Date: LPl/EP first half of MN 18a
Fauna: Botaurinae sp., Geronticus balcanicus, Anas sp., cf Aquila sp., Falco cf tinnunculus, Chauvireria bulgarica, Lullula sp., Turdus cf philomelos, Turdidae sp., Pyrrhocorax sp., Corvus cf monedula, Corvus sp., Corvus cf praecorax, Coccothraustes balcanicus, Emberiza sp.
Det: Boev
Stored: NMNHS
Notes: A. k. a. Slivnica
CZECHIA
CZ 33 Prezletice (Bohemia)
Type: o
Sources: Jánossy 1983a, Mlíkovský 2002
Date: MP Early MP "younger Cromerian" c. 590-660 KA BP, MNQ 21
Fauna: Podiceps cf cristatus, Podiceps aff grisegena, Podiceps cf nigricollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Egretta cf garzetta, Platalea cf leucorodia, Cygnus olor, Cygnus bewickii, Anser subanser, Tadorna tadorna , Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Aythya nyroca Bucephala clangula, Oxyura leucocephala, Haliaeetus angustipes, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Fulica aff atra, Gallinula aff chloropus, Limosa aff limosa, Porzana cf parva, Gallinago cf gallinago, Phalaropus aff fulicarius, Larus cf ridibundus, Sturnus cf vulgaris
Det.: Jánossy, Mlíkovský
CZ 41 Stránská Skála (Moravia)
Alt: 310 Type: c
Sources: Capek 1925, Jánossy 1972a, Lambrecht 1933, Mlíkovský 1996, 2002a, b, Musil 1965c,1968, Skutil & Stehlik 1939
Layer: "Capek 1-3" (Fissure 1-3).
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas cf querquedula, Mergus connectens, Falco sp., Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao praeurogallus, Perdix aff perdix, Vanellus cf vanellus, Strix intermedia, Apus aff apus, Corvus cf monedula, Pyrrhocorax aff graculus, Carduelis aff carduelis?
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: ”Capek 4a" (Fissure 4a)
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao cf partium, Crex cf crex, Corvus cf monedula, Pyrrhocorax aff graculus, cf Prunella collaris
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 4c" (Fissure 4c).
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas cf querquedula, cf Anas clypeata, cf Aythya nyroca, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao cf partium, Tetrao praeurogallus, Apus aff apus, Corvus cf monedula, Sturnus cf vulgaris
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 5a oben".
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Podiceps aff grisegena, Anas cf platyrhynchos, Anas cf querquedula, Anas cf penelope, Anas cf acuta, cf Anas clypeata, Aythya cf fuligula, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao cf partium, Tetrao praeurogallus, Perdix aff perdix, Coturnix cf coturnix, Porzana cf porzana, Otis kalmani, Gallinago cf gallinago, Limosa aff limosa, Strix aff nebulosa, Asio flammeus, Apus aff apus, Dendrocopos cf major, cf Prunella collaris, Turdus cf viscivorus, Corvus cf corax, Corvus corone, Corvus cf monedula, Garrulus aff glandarius, Pyrrhocorax aff graculus
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 5a unten".
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas cf platyrhynchos, Anas cf querquedula, Bucephala clangula, Accipiter cf nisus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao cf partium, Tetrao praeurogallus, Perdix aff perdix, Coturnix cf coturnix, Otis kalmani, Vanellus cf vanellus, Charadrius aff morinellus, aff Pluvialis squatarola, Gallinago cf media, Scolopax cf rusticola, Limosa aff limosa, Tringa aff ochropus, Tringa aff totanus, Philomachus aff pugnax?, aff Chlidonias niger, Strix intermedia, Strix aff nebulosa, Asio aff flammeus, Turdus cf pilaris, Pyrrhocorax aff graculus, cf Loxia curvirostra?, Emberiza cf citrinella
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 5a ober der Schicht mit Desmana".
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus atavus, Tetrao cf partium, Corvus corone
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 5b".
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas cf platyrhynchos, Anas cf querquedula, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Lagopus lagopus
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 7"
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Asio aff flammeus
Layer: ”Capek 8”
Date: MP MNQ 22 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus atavus, Perdix aff perdix
Layer: "Capek 9a-höhle".
Date: MP/LP (probably mixed material)
Fauna: Tadorna tadorna, Anas cf platyrhynchos, Anas cf querquedula, Anas cf strepera, cf Aythya nyroca, Pernis cf apivorus, Haliaeetus aff albicilla, Falco cf vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Falco peregrinus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao cf partium, Tetrao praeurogallus, Perdix aff perdix, Coturnix cf coturnix, Crex cf crex Vanellus cf vanellus, Scolopax cf rusticola, Tringa aff erythropus, Calidris aff alpina, Larus aff canus, Columba aff palumbus, Cuculus aff canorus, Surnia capeki, Aegolius aff funereus, Caprimulgus capeki, Apus aff apus, Apus submelba, Picus cf canus, Dendrocopos cf major, Alauda cf arvensis, Anthus aff trivialis, Hirundo cf rustica, Turdus cf viscivorus, Luscinia cf svecica, Oenanthe aff oenanthe, Turdus cf pilaris, Turdus cf merula, Parus cf caeruleus, Sitta cf europaea, Sturnus cf vulgaris, Corvus cf corax, Corvus corone, Corvus cf monedula, Coccothraustes cf coccothraustes, Carduelis aff carduelis?, Pyrrhula aff pyrrhula, Emberiza cf citrinella
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Capek 9b"
Date: LP?
Fauna: Anas cf penelope, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Tetrao cf partium, Perdix aff perdix, Coturnix cf coturnix, Dendrocopos cf major, Alauda cf arvensis, Turdus cf pilaris, Parus cf major, Sitta cf europaea, Corvus cf monedula
Notes: Musil (1968) gives a slightly different faunal list.
Layer: "Absolon, II Höhle"
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Tadorna tadorna, Anas querquedula,Mergus connectens, Accipiter gentilis, Falco vespertinus, Falco subbuteo, Falco cf peregrinus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Palaeocryptonyx donnezani,Coturnix coturnix, Charadrius morinellus, cf Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago media, cf Tringa sp., , Columba palumbus, Strix nebulosa, Glaucidium passerinum, Asio otus, Apus apus, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Corvus monedula,Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: "Sammlung Knies"
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Mergus connectens
Layer: "Sammlung Musil, Nová Velká jeskyne"
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anser aff anser, Tetrao praeurogallus, Perdix aff perdix, Turdus cf viscivorus, Corvus cf monedula
Layer: Unstratified, "ohne Fundstelle"
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anser aff albifrons, Tadorna sp., Anas cf platyrhynchos, Mergus connectens, Aquila aff rapax, Falco cf vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao cf partium, Perdix aff perdix, Francolinus capeki, Coturnix cf coturnix, aff Pluvialis squatarola, Scolopax cf rusticola, aff Sterna hirundo, Columba aff palumbus, Upupa sp., Delichon cf urbica, Oenanthe aff oenanthe, Corvus cf corax, Corvus corone, Corvus cf monedula
Det.: Jánossy
Layer: M. F. 3
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Pluvialis squatarola, Limosa spp., Apus apus, Motacilla sp., Corvus monedula
Layer: M. F. 4
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Falco tinnunculus, Falco peregrinus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Vanellus vanellus, Philomachus pugnax, Gallinago gallinago, Scolopax rusticola, Tringa spp., Asio flammeus, Apus apus, Corvus monedula
Layer: M. F. 5
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Fulica atra, Himantopus himantopus, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Philomachus pugnax, Gallinago gallinago, Gallinago media, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa spp., Numenius phaeopus, Tringa spp., Larus canus, Athene noctua, Asio flammeus, Acrocephalus sp., Corvus cf corone
Layer: M. F. 6
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Francolinus minor, Charadrius sp., Vanellus vanellus, Philomachus pugnax, Gallinago gallinago, Gallinago media, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa spp., Numenius phaeopus, Tringa spp., Cuculus canorus, Apus apus, Delichon urbica, Anthus sp.
Layer: M. F. 7
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas clypeata, Tetrao tetrix, Vanellus vanellus, Calidris sp., Lymnocryptes minimus
Layer: M. F. 8
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Falco peregrinus, Bonasa bonasia, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Francolinus minor, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Philomachus pugnax, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa spp., Numenius phaeopus, Tringa spp., Asio flammeus, Riparia riparia, Delichon urbica, Pica pica, Corvus monedula
Layer: M. F. 9
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Bonasa bonasia, Coturnix coturnix, Tringa spp., Delichon urbica
Layer: M. F. 10
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Francolinus subfrancolinus, Gallinula gigantea, Fulica atra, Vanellus vanellus, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa spp., Strix aluco, Hirundo rustica, Delichon urbica, Corvus monedula, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Layer: M. F. 11
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Bucephala clangula, Falco peregrinus, Tetrao urogallus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Francolinus minor, Crex crex, Gallinula gigantea, Vanellus vanellus, Philomachus pugnax, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa spp., Numenius phaeopus, Pica pica
Layer: M. F. 12
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Asio flammeus
Layer: M. F. 13
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Podiceps grisegena, Anser sp., Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Bucephala clangula, Mergus serrator, Mergus connectens, Accipiter nisus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco peregrinus, Bonasa bonasia, Tetrao urogallus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Francolinus minor, Francolinus capeki, Francolinus subfrancolinus, Crex crex, Gallinula gigantea, Fulica atra, Tetrax tetrax, Charadrius sp., Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Gallinago media, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa spp., Numenius phaeopus, Athene noctua, Strix aluco, Asio flammeus, Apus apus, Picus canus, Dendrocopos major, Hirundo rustica, Delichon urbica, Anthus sp., Turdus spp., Garrulus glandarius, Pica pica, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Corvus pliocaenus, Corvus cf corone, Corvus monedula
Layer: M. F. 14
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Falco subbuteo, Falco peregrinus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Lymnocryptes minimus, Gallinago gallinago, Gallinago media, Tringa spp., Delichon urbica
Layer: M. F. 15
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Bucephala clangula, Mergus merganser, Mergus serrator, Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Porzana sp., Fulica atra, Lymnocryptes minimus, Gallinago media, Scolopax rusticola, Numenius phaeopus, Columba palumbus, Athene noctua, Dendrocopos major, Delichon urbica, Pica pica, Corvus pliocaenus, Corvus cf corone, Corvus monedula
Layer: M. F. 16
Date: MP MNQ 21 "Upper Biharian"
Fauna: Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Falco tinnunculus, Coturnix coturnix, Francolinus subfrancolinus
Det: Mlíkovský
Stored: Moravské Museum, Brno
Notes: M. F. 3/16 is short for "Musil's Talus Fan" layers 3-16. A. k. a. Lateiner-Berg-Grotten
GERMANY
BRD 15 Breitenfurter Höhle (Bayern)
Type: c
Sources: Heller 1956
Layer: C
Date: Early Würm II to Late Würm III
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Corvus monedula
Layer: C/D
Date: Würm I/II Interstadial to Late Würm III
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus
Layer: D
Date: Würm I/II Interstadial and Early Würm II, Mousterian
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Corvus monedula, Nucifraga cayocatactes
BRD 40 Geissenklösterle (Baden-Württemberg)
Alt: 590 Type: c
Sources: Hahn & Münzel 1995, Müller-Beck et al. 1985, Münzel 2003, Weniger 1982
Layer: AH IIab Date: LP Aurignacian 14C = 30,6-36,8 KA BP, TL =36,8 KA BP
Fauna: Cygnuscf cygnus
Layer: Aurignacian
Fauna: Garrulus glandarius, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Date: LP Gravettian
Fauna: Aquila sp.
Date: LP Magdalenian
Fauna: Lagopus sp.
Layer: AH Io Date: LP Early Magdalenian, c. 13,000 BP
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Tetrao tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Lagopus lagopus, Perdix perdix, Rallus aquaticus, Glaucidium passerinum, Hirundo rustica, Cinclus cinclus, Turdus viscivorus
Det.: Krönneck, Mourer-Chauviré
BRD 90 Meiendorf (Schleswig-Holstein)
Type: o
Sources: Andree 1939, Bratlund 1996, Burdukiewicz 1986, Heinrich 1977 (Krause 1937, Krause & Kollau 1943)
Date: LP LG Hamburgian 14C=12,360±110, 12,460±60 BP Late Bölling
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus, Anser cf anser, Anser sp., Branta leucopsis, Anas sp., Lagopus lagopus, Porzana porzana, Grus grus, Larus marinus/hyperboreus
Det.: Krause, Kollau
BRD 91 Mertloch (Rheinland-Pfalz)
Type: o
Sources: Baales & von Berg 1997, von Berg 1994
Date: LP Alleröd 11,030 BP
Fauna: Tetrao urogallus, Tetrao tetrix
Det.: Joachim, Rheinwald & Spittler
Notes: Footprints in ash from the Laacher-See caldera eruption.
BRD 93 Miesenheim 2 (Rheinland-Pfalz)
Type: o
Sources: Street in litt and 1993.
Date: LP LG Late Alleröd 14C=10820-11460 BP
Fauna: Lagopus sp.?, Tetrao tetrix?
Det.: Street
BRD 116 Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (Niedersachsen)
Alt: 76 Type: o
Sources: Kleinschmidt 1953a,b, Mlíkovský 1998b
Date: LP Early Weichselian 14C= 36,000±550, 39300±800, 55600±900 BP
Fauna: Cygnus sp., Anas sp., Aegypius monachus
Det: Kleinschmidt, Mlíkovský
Stored: Landesmuseum Braunschweig
Notes: 14C minimum age only. Dating doubtful, might well be from the penultimate glaciation.
BRD 124 Seveckenberg bei Quedlinburg (Sachsen-Anhalt)
Type: c
Sources: Nehring 1880,1905, Mlíkovsky 2002 (Giebel 1850)
Date: LP
Fauna: Anser sp., Anas cf platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Milvus milvus, Lagopus sp., Otis tarda, Hirundo rustica, Corvus corax , Passeriformes sp.
Det.: Giebel, Nehring, Mlíkovský
Notes: A. k. a. Quenickenberg. The determinations by Giebel are questionable. Hystrix is present which may indicate early Würmian age.
BRD 131 Stellmoor (Schleswig-Holstein)
Type: o
Sources: Bratlund 1999, Burdukiewicz 1986, Heinrich 1977 (Krause & Kollau 1943)
Date: LP LG Hamburgian 14C=12180±130, 12190±125 BP (Bölling)
Fauna: Cygnus sp., Anser sp., Anatidarum, Lagopus lagopus, Calidris alpina
Date: LP LG Ahrensburgian (late Dryas 3) 14C= 9810-10140 BP
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Cygnus cygnus, Anser sp., Anatinae sp., Mergus sp.?, Aquila chrysaetos?, Lagopus lagopus, Tringa nebularia, Larus argentatus, Larus marinus, Laridae sp., Strigidae sp.?, Alaudidae sp.?, Corvus sp.
Det.: Krause, Kollau, Bratlund
Stored: Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Schloss Gottorp
BRD 141 Untermassfeld (Thüringen)
Type: o
Sources: Jánossy 1988, Mlíkovský 2002, Mourer-Chauviré 1993 (Jánossy 1997)
Date: EP Lowest Biharian, "Allophaiomys-Zone" MNQ 20, Jaramillo, ca 1.0-1.1 Ma BP, MIS 31
Fauna: Cygnus cf olor, Anser aff subanser, Haliaeetus aff angustipes, Francolinus capeki, Turdus aff philomelos, Corvus aff jánossyi, Garrulus aff glandarius
Det.: Jánossy
BRD 142 Untertürkheim, Biedermannscher Steinbruch (Baden-Württemberg)
Alt: 230
Type: o
Sources: Adam, Bloos & Ziegler 1987, Andree 1939, Wagner 1991, Wenzel 1998 (Berckhemer 1935)
Layer: Unterer Travertin
Date: LP Eem (IS 5e) TL Travertine = 105±4, 105±8, 106±6, 133±19 KA
Fauna: Cygnus sp., Anser anser, Anser sp., Anas platyrhynchos, Perdix perdix?, Rallus aquaticus? Porzana cf parva, Tyto alba?, Eremophila cf alpestris, Hirundo/Riparia sp., Anthus pratensis, Anthus sp., Motacilla sp., Prunella sp., Erithacus rubecula?, Luscinia sp., Oenanthe sp., Turdus cf iliacus, Sylvia sp., Fringilla montifringilla, Fringilla coelebs, Loxia cf curvirostra, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Montifringilla nivalis, Carduelis chloris, Fringillidae sp., Emberiza cf citrinella
Layer: Steppennagerschicht
Date: LP Probably IS 5d
Fauna: Cygnus sp., Anser sp., Anas platyrhynchos?, Mergus merganser, Mergus merganser/serrator, Falco cf columbarius, Falco tinnunculus, Perdix perdix, Hirundo/Riparia sp., Phoenicurus sp.?, Oenanthe sp.?, Turdus sp., Fringilla coelebs, Carduelis chloris?, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Montifringilla nivalis
Det.: Soergel, Götz, Mörike
Notes: A. k. a. Stuttgart-Untertürkheim.
BRD 147 Weimar-Ehringsdorf (Thüringen)
Alt: 240 Type: o
Sources: Grimm 1970, Heinrich & Jánossy 1978b, Jánossy 1975a, Schmidt 1964, Stephan 1975a,b
Layer: Obere Travertin.
Date: MP, Late IS 7, TL=100-130 KA BP, ESR=200-220 KA BP
Fauna: Anas aff acuta, Tetrao tetrix
Det.: Jánossy
Date: MP?
Fauna: Gavia sp.?, Bubulcus ibis?/Egretta garzetta?, Anser anser?, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas clypeata?, Aythya nyroca?, Calidris alpina?, Caprimulgus sp.?
Det.: Stephan
Notes: Eggshells, identifications very doubtful
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix
Det.: Jánossy
Layer: MP ”Pre-Würm”, IS 7
Fauna: Cygnus cf olor
Det: Schmidt
Notes: Eggshell
CHINA
CI 28 Jing Niu Shan (Liaoning)
Type: c
Alt: 30
Sources: Hou 1989, Zhang et al. 1993
Date: Late MP ca 280 KA BP
Fauna: Ciconia sp., Aythya sp., Accipiter sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Falco sp., Francolinus pintadeanus, Coturnix coturnix, Bambusicola sp., Phasianus sp., Phasianus colchicus, Charadrius sp., Scolopax rusticola, Tyto jinniushanensis, Asio sp., Parus sp., Podoces hendersoni
Det.: Hou
Notes: A. k. a. Jinniushan, Niuxinshan.
CI 53 Xujia Yao (Shanxi)
Type: o
Sources: Jia 1980, Jia & Wei 1980, Rich et al. 1986
Date: LP? ca 100 000 BP?
Fauna: Struthio sp., Accipitridae sp.
Notes: A. k. a. Xujiayao and Hsuchiayao
CYPRUS
CY 1 Akrotiri Aetokremnos
Type: c
Sources: Simmons 1991, Mourer-Chauviré 1999 and pers. com.
Date: LP LG ca 10,500 BP
Layer: Surface
Fauna: Otis tarda
Layer: 1
Fauna: Anser anser/fabalis, Otis tarda
Layer: 1/2
Fauna: Anser anser/fabalis, Otis tarda, Columba livia, Corvus corone/frugilegus
Layer: 1-4
Fauna: Anser anser/fabalis, Otis tarda
Layer: 2
Fauna: Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Anser anser/fabalis, Anser sp., Anseriform, Anas crecca, Rallus aquaticus, Otis tarda, Columba livia/oenas, Asio flammeus, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Passeriformes (small)
Layer: 2/4
Fauna: Puffinus puffinus, Anser anser/fabalis, Anseriform,Otis tarda
Layer: 3
Fauna: Otis tarda
Layer: 4
Fauna: Anser anser/fabalis, Anser sp., Otis tarda
Layer: 4A/B
Fauna: Athene noctua, Turdus iliacus/philomelos, Turdidae sp.
Layer: 4B
Fauna: cf Circus sp., Columba livia/oenas, Corvus corone/frugilegus
Layer: 4C
Fauna: Columba livia/oenas
Det.: Mourer-Chauviré
FRANCE
FR 4 Abri Dufaure (Landes)
Alt: 127 Type: c
Sources: Altuna et al. 1991, Eastham 1995
Layer: 3 Date: LP-Hol Azilian Dryas 3 - PB 14C=10300-9600 BP
Fauna: Ardea cinerea, Cygnus olor, Anas penelope, Anas crecca, Tetrao urogallus, Strix sp., Alauda arvensis, Turdus merula, Turdus iliacus, Turdus philomelos, Garrulus glandarius, Corvus corax, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 4U Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian Dryas 2 - Alleröd 14C=10910±220 BP
Fauna: Anser fabalis, Anas penelope, Anas platyrhynchos, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco peregrinus, Lagopus lagopus, Tringa totanus, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Turdus merula, Turdus viscivorus, Corvus corax
Layer: 4U-M Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian Dryas 2 - Alleröd 14C=11700-12000 BP
Fauna: Gavia immer, Anser anser, Anser fabalis, Anser sp., Anas platyrhynchos, Falco tinnunculus, Tringa totanus, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Alauda arvensis, Turdus iliacus, Fringilla coelebs, Montifringilla nivalis, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 4L-M Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian Dryas 2 - Alleröd
Fauna: Anser anser, Anser fabalis, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Alauda arvensis, Montifringilla nivalis, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 4L Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian Dryas 2 - Alleröd 14C=12260±400 BP
Fauna: Cygnus columbianus, Buteo buteo/lagopus, Burhinus oedicnemus, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Turdus merula, Pica pica
Layer: 5 Date: LP Middle Magdalenian Dryas 1 - Bölling 14C=12690-14570 BP
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Lullula arborea, Alauda arvensis, Turdus iliacus, Phylloscopus collybita/trochilus, Montifringilla nivalis, Corvus corax, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 6 Date: LP Early Middle Magdalenian, Dryas 1 14C=14020-14640 BP
Fauna: Nyctea scandiaca, Alauda arvensis
Det.: Eastham
Stored: Institut du Quaternaire, Université de Bordeaux I
FR 49 Bois-Ragot (Vienne)
Type: c
Sources: Chollet et al. 1979, Laroulandie 2000 (Gilbert 1984, Griggo 1995)
Layer: BR3 Date: LP LG Late Azilian 14C=8800±220 BP
Fauna: Nyctea scandiaca
Layer: BR4b Date: LP LG Early Azilian 14C=10990±160 BP
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus, Nyctea scandiaca
Layer: BR5b Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian 14C=11030±140 BP
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus, Anser sp., Anas platyrhynchos, Anas clypeata, Anatidae sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Falco cf tinnunculus, Lagopus sp., Gallus gallus, Grus sp., Crex crex, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Corvus corax, Passeriformes sp.
Layer: BR6 Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian 14C=10180±160 BP
Fauna: Nyctea scandiaca
Det.: Delpech, Gilbert, Griggo & Laroulandie Stored: Institut du Quaternaire, Université de Bordeaux I
Notes: A. k. a. Gouex
FR 63 La Grotte du Renne à Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne)
Type: c
Sources: David et al. 2006, d'Errico et al. 1998, Lambrecht 1933, Milne-Edwards 1867-71,1875a,b, Mourer-Chauviré 1979b,1983a,2002 Paris 1912, Wolf 1938-41
Layer: 7 Date: LP Aurignacien, 14C=30,800-31,800 BP
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, Lagopus lagopus, Ptyonopogne rupestris, Prunella collaris, Corvus corax
Layer: 8 Date: LP Chatelperronian 14C = 33,000-33,860 BP
Fauna: Gyps fulvus, Haliaetus albicilla, Corvus corax
Layer: 9 Date: LP Chatelperronian 14C = 24,500-45,100 BP
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus
Layer: 10b Date: LP Chatelperronian 14C = 24,500-45,100 BP
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus
Det.: Milne-Edwards, Mourer-Chauviré
Stored: Département des Sciences de la Terre de Lyon
Notes: A. k. a. Caverne d'Arcy-sur-Cure
FR 92 Grotta di Brietta (Corse)
Alt: 300 Type: c
Sources: Lambrecht 1933, Louchart 2002, Newton 1922a
Date: LP
Fauna: Oenanthe sp., Turdus sp., Pica pica
Det.: Newton, Louchart Stored: BMNH or Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bâle?
FR 93 Grotta di Funtanedu (Corse)
Alt: 400 Type: c
Sources: Lambrecht 1933, Louchart 2002, 2004, Newton 1922a
Date: LP
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos/acuta, Aquila sp., Accipiter nisus, Falco tinnunculus, Alectoris rufa??, Coturnix coturnix, Porzana parva, Tringinae sp., cf Larus minutus, Columba palumbus, Asio flammeus, Apus apus, Alauda arvensis, cf Eremophila alpestris, Motacilla sp., Anthus sp., cf Cinclus cinclus, Oenanthe sp., Saxicola sp., Phoenicurus sp., Erithacus rubecula, Meridiocichla salotti sp., Sylviidae sp., Sturnus sp., Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Garrulus glandarius, Corvus monedula, Fringillidae sp.
Det.: Newton, Louchart Stored: BMNH or Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bâle?
FR 97 Grotte Jean-Pierre N:o 1 (Savoie)
Alt: 750 Type: c
Sources: Mourer-Chauviré 1975a,1979c,1994 Date: LP/Hol Alleröd/Preboreal
Layer: 6 Date: LP LG Dryas 3 14C=10750±300 BP Azilian
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Cuculus canorus, Asio flammeus, Aegolius funereus, Dendrocopos leucotos, Turdus merula, Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, Emberiza citrinella, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Layer: 6a Date: LP LG Dryas 3 14C=10750±300 BP Azilian
Fauna: Accipiter nisus, Lagopus sp., Tetrao tetrix, Crex crex, Actitis hypoleucos, Aegolius funereus, Strix aluco, Dendrocopos leucotos, Alauda arvensis, Hirundo daurica, Cinclus cinclus, Monticola saxatilis, Turdus pilaris, Turdus torquatus, Turdus merula, Turdus iliacus, Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, , Emberiza citrinella, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Layer: 6b-c Date: LP LG Alleröd Azilian 14C=10750±300 BP
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Lagopus sp., Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Lymnocryptes minimus, Scolopax rusticola, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Aegolius funereus, Strix aluco, Apus apus, Dendrocopos major, Dendrocopos leucotos, Alauda arvensis, Hirundo daurica, Cinclus cinclus, Turdus pilaris, Turdus torquatus, Turdus merula, Turdus iliacus, Turdus viscivorus, Turdus philomelos, Sylvia atricapilla, Sylvia communis, Parus montanus, Parus caeruleus, Emberiza citrinella, Plectrophenax nivalis, Fringilla coelebs, Carduelis spinus, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Montifringilla nivalis, Garrulus glandarius
Layer: 7 Date: LP LG Dryas 2 Azilian 14C=11900±360 BP
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Aythya marila, Falco subbuteo, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Crex crex, Pluvialis squatarola, Asio otus, Turdus iliacus, Turdus philomelos, Emberiza citrinella, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: 8 Date: LP LG Bölling B
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Anas querquedula, Aythya fuligula, Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Gallinago media, Scolopax rusticola, Calidris alba, Rissa tridactyla, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Strix aluco, Dryocopus martius, Turdus viscivorus, Emberiza citrinella, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Fringilla coelebs, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula
Layer: 9 Date: LP LG Bölling A Magdalenian sup., 14C=13000±300 BP
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Falco subbuteo, Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Pluvialis apricaria, Gallinago media, Scolopax rusticola, Limosa limosa, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Strix aluco, Fringilla coelebs, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: 10 Date: LP Dryas I
Fauna: Aythya fuligula, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Gallinago media, Numenius arquata, Asio otus
Det.: Mourer-Chauviré Stored: Laboratoire de Géologie de l'Université de Grenoble/Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Grenoble
Notes: A. k. a. Saint Thibaud-de-Couz
FR 120 Grotte de Raymonden (Dordogne)
Alt: 100 Type: c
Date: LP
Sources: Gaudry 1890, Lambrecht 1933
Fauna: Lagopus mutus, Nyctea scandiaca
FR124 Grotte de Tarté (Haute-Garonne)
Alt: 347 Type: c
Sources: Clot & Mourer-Chauviré 1986, Laroulandie 2004, Mourer-Chauviré 1975a
Date: LP Magdalenian (inferieur?), Perigordien (1986)
Fauna: Gypaetus barbatus, Aquila chrysaetos
Stored: Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux
Notes: Collection Harlé
Date: LP Aurignacian
Fauna: Perdix perdix, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Det.: Mourer-Chauviré
Date: Unknown
Fauna: Cygnus sp.
FR 131 Grotte de la Vache (Ariège)
Alt: 595 Type: c
Sources: Clot & Mourer-Chauviré 1986, Koby 1957a,b, Laroulandie 2000 (Pailhague 1993,1995,1996,1998)
Layer: I Date: LP LG Magdalenian
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix?, Perdix perdix, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: II Date: LP LG Magdalenian 14C=12540±105,11650±200 BP
Fauna: Ciconia sp., Mergus merganser, Haliaeetus albicilla, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Gypaetus barbatus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Corvus corax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: III Date: LP LG Magdalenian
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Mergus merganser, Buteo buteo, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Streptopelia turtur, Corvus corax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: IV Date: LP LG Magdalenian 14C=12850±60 BP
Fauna: Gypaetus barbatus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Pica pica, Corvus corax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Det.: Koby
Layer: Salle Monique
Date: LP LG Late Magdalenian - Early Azilian
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Anas clypeata, Aythya fuligula, Mergus merganser, Aquila chrysaetos, Lagopus sp., Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Columbidae sp., Nyctea scandiaca, Asio otus, Picus viridis, Turdidae sp., Montifringilla nivalis, Garrulus glandarius, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corax
Det: Pailhague
Stored: Alliat (Ariège) & Musée de Saint Germain en Laye.
FR 145 Abri Sud de la Grotte de la Coscia (Corse)
Type: c
Alt: 6
Sources: Bonifay et al. 1998, Mourer-Chauviré & Weesie 1986, Louchart 2002, Louchart, Bedetti & Pavia 2005, Mourer Chauviré et al. 1997
Date: LP, Early Würm, ca 60-90 Ka BP
Layer: 4
Fauna: Anser erythropus, Anas crecca/querquedula, Anas spp., Milvus milvus/migrans, Haliaetus/Aquila sp., Gyps melitensis, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo lagopus, Aquila chrysaetos, Aquila sp., Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco naumanni/vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus/columbarius, Falco sp., Falco peregrinus cyrneus, Coturnix coturnix, Porzana porzana, cf Porzana parva, Porzana parva/pusilla, Rallus aquaticus/Porzana porzana, Crex crex, Crex crex/Rallus aquaticus, Tetrax tetrax, Gallinago gallinago, Scolopax rusticola, cf Tringa sp., Fratercula arctica, Columba livia, Columba palumbus, Streptopelia turtur, Otus scpos, Bubo insularis, Asio flammeus/otus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Apus melba, Merops apiaster, Coracias garrulus, Dendrocopos major, Alaudidae sp. cf Hirundo sp., Anthus sp., Motacilla cf cinerea/alba, Luscinia luscinia/megarhynchos, Phoenicurus ochruros/phoenicurus, Saxicola rubetra/torquata, Turdus cf iliacus, Turdus cf viscivorus, Turdus spp., Meridiocichla salotti, Sylvia cf atricapilla, Muscicapa striata, Lanius minor, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corone, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Sturnus sp., Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Emberiza cf citrinella
Date: LP, Early Würm, ca 60-90 Ka BP
Layer: 5
Fauna: Anas sp., Gyps melitensis, Porzana parva, Asio flammeus/otus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Sturnus sp., Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Emberiza cf citrinella
Date: LP, Early Würm, ca 60-90 Ka BP
Layer: 6
Fauna: Anas spp., Aquila sp., Falco tinnunculus/columbarius, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Gallinago media, Tringa cf erythropus, Otus scops, Asio flammeus, cf Hirundo sp., Turdus sp., Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corone/frugilegus
Date: LP, Early Würm, ca 60-90 Ka BP
Layer: 7
Fauna: Calonectris diomedea, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco naumanni, Falco subbuteo, Falco sp., Falco peregrinus cyrneus, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Tetrax tetrax, Coracias garrulus, Dendrocopos major, Turdus sp., Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Date; Probably LP, Early Würm, ca 50-60 Ka BP
Layer: Unstratified
Fauna: Anas sp., Aquila sp., Aquila nipaloides, cf Falco subbuteo, Falco naumanni/vespertinus, Falco peregrinus cyrneus,Bubo insularis, Coiracias garrulus, Turdus cf iliacus, Turdus sp., Oriolus oriolus, Lanius collurio, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Corvus corax
Det.: Louchart, Mourer-Chauviré, Weesie Stored: Département des Sciences de la Terre, Lyon
Notes: A. k. a. Grotte de Macinaggio.
FR 192 L'Esquicho-Grapaou (Gard)
Type: c
Sources: Bazile 1985, (Bazile et al 19XX)
Date: LP Aurignacian 0 14C=31850±1700, 31950±1300 BP
Layer: SLC 1A
Fauna: Haliaetus albicilla, Falco columbarius, Perdix perdix, Columba livia, Pyrrhocorax sp.
FR213 Pair-non-Pair (Gironde)
Type: c
Sources: Laroulandie 2004, Mourer-Chauviré 1975a
Date: LP Aurignacian-Solutreen?
Fauna: Anser anser, Branta leucopsis, Anas strepera, Mergus merganser, Aquila chrysaetos, cf Gypaetus barbatus, Buteo rufinus, Accipiter gentilis, Falco rusticolus, Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius morinellus, Larus hyperboreus, Corvus monedula, Corvus corax
Det.: Mourer-Chauviré, Laroulandie Stored: Muséum de Bordeaux
FR 243 Toga (Corse)
Type: c
Sources: Lambrecht 1933, Locard 1872, Louchart 2002, Lydekker 1891b, Newton 1922a
Date: LP or Holocene
Fauna: Aquila sp., Columba livia/oenas, Turdus sp., Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Det.: Lydekker, Newton, Louchart Stored: BMNH or Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bâle?
FR 255 Combe Saunière 1 (Dordogne)
Type.: c
Sources: Geneste & Plisson 1993, Laroulandie 2000
Layer: IV Date: LP Late Solutrean 14C=14,890±200-19,630±320 BP
Fauna: Anser sp., Aythya sp., Mergus merganser, Anatidae sp., Falco peregrinus, Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus sp., Perdix perdix, Nyctea scandiaca, Athene noctua, Strigiformes spp., Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Corvus corax, Passeriformes sp.
Det: Laroulandie
GEORGIA
GE 6 Gvardzhilas-Klde (Imeretia)
Type: c
Sources: Burchak-Abramovich 1966b,1969,1974,1975, Burchak-Abramovich & Bendukidze 1971a, Potapova 2000
Date: LP UP "Magdalenian"
Fauna: Haliaeetus albicilla, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Gallus gallus, Alectoris graeca, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Turdus merula, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Erythrinus rubicilla
Det.: Burchak-Abramovich, Potapova
GE 9 Kudaro 1 (South Ossetia)
Alt: 1600 Type: c
Sources: Baryshnikov & Cherepanov 1985, Burchak-Abramovich 1974,1975,1980a, Burchak-Abramovich & Bendukidze 1971a, Burchak-Abramovich & Burchak 1982, Burchak-Abramovich & Lyubin 1972, Gerasimov 1978, Potapova 2000.
Layer: 1-2 Date: LP Mesolithic
Fauna: Buteo buteo, Phasianus colchicus, Dryocopus martius, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
Layer: 3 unstrat. Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Gypaetus barbatus, Aegypius monachus, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: 3a Date: LP Mousterian 14C=44150±2400 BP
Fauna: Anas crecca, Falco tinnunculus, Falco columbarius, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Dryocopus martius, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: 3b Date: LP Mousterian 14C=441500±2400 BP
Fauna: Anas clypeata, Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Tetraogallus caucasicus, Coturnix coturnix, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: 3c Date: LP Mousterian 14C=44150±2400 BP
Fauna: Anser anser, Falco tinnunculus, Tetraogallus caucasicus, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Alectoris chukar, Perdix perdix, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Possibly Alectoris graeca instead of Alectoris chukar.
Layer: 3/4 Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Pandion haliaetus, Falco tinnunculus, Tetraogallus cf caucasicus, Bubo cf bubo, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: 4 Date: LP Mousterian "Brörup/Amersfoort", IS 5a-d
Fauna: Anas crecca, Aythya nyroca, Accipiter nisus, Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Alectoris chukar, Perdix perdix, Columba livia, Athene noctua, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Possibly Alectoris graeca instead of Alectoris chukar.
Layer: 5a Date: MP Acheulean IS 8
Fauna: Aythya ferina, Buteo buteo, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Tetraogallus cf caucasicus, Alectoris chukar, Perdix perdix, Phasianus colchicus, Phasianus sp., Apus melba, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Possibly Alectoris graeca instead of Alectoris chukar.
Layer: 5b Date: MP Acheulean IS 9-10
Fauna: Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Perdix perdix, Phasianus colchicus, Anthus sp., Turdus sp., Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Notes: Pyrrhocorax graculus instead of Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax according to Burchak-Abramovich 1975
Layer: 5c Date: MP Acheulean 360±90 KA BP, IS 11-12
Fauna: Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 5 undif. Date: MP Acheulean
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Phasianus sp., Columba livia, Strix aluco, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Det: Burchak-Abramovich
Notes: The Gallus sp. previously reported from this site is actually a Phasianus (Potapova 2000).
GE 13 Mgwimewi (Imeretia)
Type: c
Sources: Burchak-Abramovich 1972, Burchak-Abramovich & Bendukidze 1971a, Ganja & Burchak-Abramovich 1992, Potapova 2000
Date: LP UP Late Würm
Fauna: Phasianus sp.
Det.: Burchak-Abramovich, Potapova
GE 14 Okumi I (Abkhazia)
Type: c
Sources: Baryshnikov & Cherepanov 1985, Burchak-Abramovich 1981, Potapova 1991 (Burchak-Abramovich 1980b)
Date: LP Mousterian-Eneolithic
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao mlokosiewiczii, Phasianus colchicus, Turdus pilaris, Pyrrhocorx graculus, Passeriformes sp.
Det.: Burchak-Abramovich
GREECE
GR 10 Liko cave (Crete)
Alt: 1 Type: c
Sources: Louchart 2004, Louchart, Bedetti & Pavia 2005, Weesie 1982a,1987a,b
Layer: a Date: LP?
Fauna: Gyps fulvus, Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco eleonorae, Falco peregrinus, Glareola sp., Scolopax rusticola, Columba oenas, Columba livia/oenas, Columba palumbus, Tyto alba, Otus scops, Athene cretensis, Aegolius funereus, Apus apus, Apus melba, Prunella collaris, Erithacus rubecula, Oenanthe hispanica, Meridiocichla salotti, Turdus iliacus, Turdus sp., Muscicapa striata, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Fringilla coelebs/montefringilla, Carduelis chloris, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Emberiza sp.
Layer: a/b Date: LP?
Fauna: Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Falco eleonorae, Scolopax rusticola, Columba oenas, Columba oenas/livia, Columba palumbus, Athene cretensis, Erithacus rubecula, Turdus iliacus, Turdus sp., Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Fringilla coelebs/montefringilla, Miliaria calandra, Emberiza spp.
Layer: b Date: LP?
Fauna: Columba oenas, Tyto alba, Athene cretensis, Prunella collaris
Layer: c Date: LP?
Fauna: Haliaeetus albicilla, Gyps melitensis, Buteo buteo, Falco eleonorae, Porzana porzana, Scolopax rusticola, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Columba livia/oenas, Columba palumbus, Tyto alba, Otus scops, Athene cretensis, Aegolius funereus, Apus melba, Hirundo daurica, Erithacus rubecula, Monticola solitarius, Meridiocichla salotti, Turdus spp., Turdus pilaris/viscivorus, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Sturnus sp., Fringilla coelebs/montefringilla, Carduelis chloris, Emberiza sp.
Layer: c/d Date: LP?
Fauna: Scolopax rusticola, Columba livia, Columba livia/oenas, Tyto alba, Athene cretensis, Turdus spp., Corvus monedula, Emberiza sp.
Layer: d Date: LP?
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, “Aquila chrysaetos simurgh”, Falco tinnunculus, Falco eleonorae, Porzana porzana, Scolopax rusticola, Columba livia, Columba livia/oenas, Columba oenas, Tyto alba, Athene cretensis, Asio flammeus, Aegolius funereus, Apus apus, Calandrella brachydactyla, Erithacus rubecula, Meridiocichla salotti, Turdus spp., Turdus viscivorus/pilaris, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Sturnus sp., Emberiza sp.
Layer: e Date: LP?
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Columba livia/oenas, Athene cretensis, Aegolius funereus, Turdus sp., Miliaria calandra
Layer: A Date: LP?
Fauna: Accipiter nisus, Coturnix coturnix, Scolopax rusticola, Columba palumbus, Athene cretensis, Corvus monedula
Layer: B Date: LP AAR = 105,000±21,000 BP
Fauna: Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Anas penelope, Gypaetus barbatus, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, “Aquila chrysaetos simurgh”, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco eleonorae, Gallinula chloropus, Scolopax rusticola, Columba oenas, Columba livia/oenas, Columba palumbus, Tyto alba, Otus scops, Athene noctua, Aegolius funereus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Apus melba, Dendrocopos leucotos, Hirundo daurica, Prunella collaris, Oenanthe hispanica, Meridiocichla salotti, Turdus iliacus, Turdus sp., Turdus pilaris/viscivorus, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Sturnus sp., Fringilla coelebs/montefringilla
Layer: C Date: LP AAR = 105,000±21,000 BP
Fauna: Corvus monedula
Layer: D Date: LP AAR = 87,000±17,000 BP
Fauna: Branta ruficollis, Aegypius monachus, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Columba oenas/livia, Tyto alba, Ketupa zeylonensis, Athene cretensis, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus
Layer: V Date: LP?
Fauna: Haliaeetus albicilla, Aegypius monachus, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, “Aquila” simurgh, Falco tinnunculus, Falco eleonorae, Falco peregrinus, Calidris canutus, Scolopax rusticola, Columba livia, Columba livia/oenas, Columba palumbus, Athene cretensis, Apus apus, Erithacus rubecula, Monticola solitarius, Turdus sp., Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Sturnus sp., Fringilla coelebs/montefringilla, Carduelis chloris, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Layer: Unstrat. Date: LP?
Fauna: Branta ruficollis, Gyps fulvus, Gyps melitensis, Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Scolopax rusticola, Columba oenas, Columba livia/oenas, Columba palumbus, Tyto alba, Athene cretensis, Prunella collaris, Turdus sp., Garrulus glandarius, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone/frugilegus
Det.: Weesie Stored: Institute for Earth Sciences, Utrecht
Note: A. k. a. Likotinarus, Likotinara cave, Kopranou cave.
HUNGARY
HU 5 Beremend 16-17 (Villány)
Type: c
Sources: Jánossy 1991,1992,1996, Mlíkovský 2002
Date: EP ca 1 MA BP
Fauna: Ciconia stehlini, Anas crecca percrecca, Anas cf acuta, cf Anas clypeata, Anas cf strepera, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Tetrao partium, Palaeocryptonyx donnezani, Francolinus minor, Francolinus capeki, Francolinus subfrancolinus, Coturnix cf coturnix, Perdix sp., Otis kalmani, Otis cf lambrechti, Crex sp., Porzana cf porzana, Porzana cf parva, Gallinula cf chloropus, Tringa sp., Limosa cf limosa, Vanellus cf vanellus, Larus cf ridibundus?, Cursorius sp.?, Columba cf livia, Strix intermedia, Asio sp., Athene veta, Alauda cf arvensis, Galerida sp., Melanocorypha sp., Hirundo sp., Bombycilla cf garrulus, Turdus aff iliacus, Turdus cf philomelos, Erithacus sp., Emberiza sp., Carduelis sp., Pyrrhula sp., Serinus sp., Sturnus cf vulgaris, Pyrrhocorax graculus vetus, Garrulus cf glandarius, Corvus janossyi
Det.: Jánossy, Mlíkovský
HU 12 Hungária-hegy (Gerecse)
Type: c
Sources: Jánossy 1953,1986, Jánossy & Vörös 1987
Date: MP Late MP, Riss s. l.
Fauna: Pica pica
Det: Jánossy
Notes: A. k. a. Dorog, Köszikla, Nagy-Köszikla and Kis-Köszikla
HU 46 Somssichhégy 2 (Villány)
Type: c
Sources: Jánossy 1981a,1982b,1983,1986
Date: EP Lower Biharian Templomhegy substage MNQ 20
Fauna: Anser subanser, Aythya sp., Anatidae, Aquila cf heliaca, Falco tinnunculus atavus, Falco cf vespertinus, Tetrao partium, Francolinus capeki, Coturnix cf coturnix, Otis sp., Surnia robusta, Athene noctua cf lunellensis, Picus cf viridis, Dendrocopos submajor, Galerida cf cristata, Hirundo cf rustica, Sitta cf europaea, Passeriformes
Det.: Jánossy
Notes: A. k. a. Somssich hill 2
HU 64 Vaskapu (Bükk)
Alt: 495
Type: c
Sources: Mottl 1941, Válóczi 1999 (Kadic & Mottl 1938)
Layer: Hellbraune-grünlichgraue-rötliche schichte
Date: LP "Magdalenien II", “Late Würm III, Pilisszanto horizon”
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Pyrrhocorax graculus
ISRAEL
IS 11 Hayonim cave (Galilee)
Alt: 230
Type: c
Sources: Bar-Yosef & Tchernov 1966, Munro 1999,2001,2003, Pichon 1984,1989, Stiner 2005, Stiner et al. 1999, Stiner & Munro 2002, Tchernov 1979, 1984
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Natufian, c. 10700-12400 BP
Fauna: Anser sp., Anas platyrhynchos, Aquila pomarina, Milvus migrans, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Falco peregrinus, Accipiter nisus, Accipiter cf gentilis, Gyps fulvus, Alectoris chukar, Coturnix coturnix, Phasianus colchicus, Crex crex, Gallinula chloropus, Columba livia, Columba palumbus, Streptopelia sp., Athene noctua, Otus scops, Tyto alba, Asio sp., Apus affinis gallelejensis Coracias sp.,Upupa epops, Alcedo atthis, Alauda arvensis, Melanocorypha calandra, Galerida cristata, Motacilla cinerea, Hirundo daurica, Hirundo sp., Hirundo rustica, Garrulus glandarius, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pica pica, Corvus monedula, Sturnus vulgaris, Sturnus sp., Regulus sp., Turdus merula, Turdus philomelos, Monticola sp., Oenanthe spp., Phoenicurus sp., Saxicola torquata, Erithacus rubecula, Luscinia megarhynchos, Luscinia svecica, Luscinia sp., Sylvia sp., Sylvia hortensis, Sylvia melanocephala, Phylloscopus sp., Nectarinia osea, Lanius senator, Passer domesticus, Petronia petronia, Carduelis carduelis, Carduelis spinus, Carduelis cannabina, Carduelis chloris, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Loxia curvirostra, Serinus serinus, Miliaria calandra, Emberiza caesia
Det.: Tchernov
Notes: Carduelis cannabina not mentioned by Tchernov 1979
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Natufian, c. 11000-13000 BP
Fauna: Anser albifrons, Anser anser, Tadorna tadorna, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya nyroca, Aythya fuligula, Pandion haliaetus, Neophron percnopterus, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Accipiter nisus, Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo, Buteo rufinus, Buteo sp., Aquila pomarina, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco naumanni, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Perdix perdix, Alectoris chukar, Coturnix coturnix, Phasianus cf colchicus, Grus grus, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Porzana porzana, Fulica atra, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Chlamydotis undulata, Vanellus vanellus, Pterocles alchata, Pterocles sp., Columba livia, Columba palumbus, Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia sp., Tyto alba, Asio otus, Otus scops, Athene noctua, Strix aluco, Apus affinis, Alcedo atthis, Merops apiaster, Coracias garrulus, Upupa epops, Melanocorypha calandra, Melanocorypha cf calandra, Alauda arvensis, Hirundo rustica, Hirundo daurica, Motacilla cinerea, Motacilla alba, Lanius senator, Lanius nubicus, Troglodytes troglodytes, Nectarinia osea, Saxicola torquata, Oenanthe oenanthe, Oenanthe hispanica, Monticola solitarius, Phoenicurus ochruros, Erithacus rubecula, Luscinia svecica, Luscinia megarhynchos, Turdus iliacus, Turdus philomelos, Turdus merula, Turdus sp., Prinia gracilis, Sylvia hortensis, Sylvia borin, Sylvia atricapilla, Sylvia melanocephala, Phylloscopus collybita, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Phylloscopus sp., Regulus regulus, Muscicapa striata, Remiz pendulinus, Parus major, Sturnus vulgaris, Sturnus sp., Oriolus oriolus, Garrulus glandarius, Pica pica, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Miliaria calandra, Emberiza caesia, Fringilla coelebs, Serinus pusillus, Carduelis carduelis, Carduelis chloris, Carduelis spinus, Loxia curvirostra, Passer domesticus, Passer hispaniolensis, Passer sp., Petronia petronia
Det.: Pichon
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Natufian, 11,000-13,000 BP
Fauna: Anser anser, Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo buteo, Alectoris chukar, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Columba livia, Strigidae sp., Passeriformes sp.
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Alleröd, Early Natufian
Fauna: Anser sp., Anas sp., Alectoris chukar, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Fulica atra, Otis tarda, Vanellus vanellus, Crex crex, Grus grus, Columba livia
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Younger Dryas, Late Natufian
Fauna: Anser sp., Anas sp., Alectoris chukar, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Fulica atra, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Crex crex, Columba livia, Columba palumbus
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Natufian, ca 12,500-10,700 BP
Fauna: Anser sp., Anas sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Neophron percnopterus, Alectoris chukar, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Fulica atra, Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, Vanellus vanellus, Crex crex, Grus grus, Gallinula chloropus, Columba livia, Columba palumbus, Asio otus, Athene noctua, Tyto alba, Otus scops, Alauda arvensis, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Pica pica, Garrulus sp.
Det.: Munro
Note: 1992 excavation.
Layer: C
Date: LP Kebaran, ca 14,000-17,000 KA BP
Fauna: Struthio sp., Columba livia, Passer domesticus
Det.: Tchernov
Layer: D
Date: LP Aurignacian 14C=26,000-28,000 KA BP
Fauna: Struthio sp., Passer domesticus
Det.: Tchernov
Layer: E (upper)
Date: LP Mousterian ca 70-100 KA BP, IS 4-5
Fauna: Passer domesticus
Det.: Tchernov
Layer: E (lower)
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Passer domesticus
Layer: E2
Date: MP ca 150 KA BP
Fauna: Struthio sp.
Layer: E3
Date: MP ca 170 KA BP
Fauna: Struthio sp.
Layer: E4
Date: MP ca 200 KA BP
Fauna: Struthio sp.
Det.: Tchernov
Layer: E undifferentiated
Date: MP ca 70-200 KA BP
Fauna: Struthio camelus, Alectoris chukar
Det: Stiner?
IS 23 Netiv Hagdud (West Bank)
Alt: -200 Type: o
Sources: Tchernov 1993a,1994
Layer: Lower Complex
Date: LP/Hol PPNA 14C=9600-9780 BP
Fauna: Ciconia ciconia, Anser albifrons, Tadorna tadorna, Anas querquedula, Anas platyrhynchos, Pernus apivorus, Milvus migrans, Aquila pomarina, Aquila spp., Alectoris chukar, Francolinus francolinus, Ammoperdix heyi, Coturnix coturnix, Otis tarda, Streptopelia decaocto, Sturnus vulgaris, Pica pica, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Serinus serinus
Layer: Middle Complex
Date: LP/Hol PPNA 14C=9400-9970 BP
Fauna: Leptoptilos crumeniferus, Ciconia ciconia, Anser albifrons, Tadorna tadorna, Anas querquedula, Anas platyrhynchos, Pernus apivorus, Milvus migrans, Circus sp., Accipiter sp., Buteo buteo, Buteo rufinus, Aquila pomarina, Aquila spp., Falco spp., Alectoris chukar, Francolinus francolinus, Ammoperdix heyi, Coturnix coturnix, Otis tarda, Fulica atra, Burhinus oedicnemus, Vanellus spinosus, Columba livia, Streptopelia decaocto, Athene noctua, Melanocorypha calandra, Galerida cristata, Pycnonotus xanthopygos, Lanius excubitor, Turdus merula, Pica pica, Corvus monedula, Corvus ruficollis, Corvus rhipidurus, Corvus corone, cf Fringilla sp., Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Passer domesticus
Layer: Upper Complex
Date: LP/Hol PPNA 14C=9700 BP
Fauna: Ciconia ciconia, Tadorna tadorna, Anas querquedula, Anas platyrhynchos, Milvus migrans, Circus sp., Aquila pomarina, Aquila spp., Francolinus francolinus, Coturnix coturnix, Galerida cristata, Onychognatus tristrami, Sturnus vulgaris, Corvus corone
Layer: Upper Area
Date: LP/Hol PPNA 14C=9600-10180 BP
Fauna: Anser albifrons, Tadorna tadorna, Anas querquedula, Milvus migrans, Buteo buteo, Aquila spp., Falco spp., Francolinus francolinus, Coturnix coturnix, Otis tarda, Corvus corone
Det.: Tchernov
ITALY
IT 12 + 122 Monte Reale (Sardegna)
Type: o
Sources: Fischer & Mauersberger 1989, Lydekker 1891b, Milne-Edwards 1867-71, Mlíkovský 1995b, 2000b (Wagner 1832,1833, Studiati 1857)
Date: MP?
Fauna: Tadorna sp.
Det: Wagner, Mlíkovský
Fauna: Anas sp., Passer sp.
Stored: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Fauna: Tyto balearica
Det: Mlíkovský
Stored: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris
Notes: Also known as Cagliari and Monreale. Wagner also reported Anas sp., Aquila sp., Buteo sp., Sterna sp., Strix sp., Picus sp., Alauda sp., Turdus sp., Corvus sp. and Fringilla sp. from this site. Furthermore Milne-Edwards (1867-71) reported Upupa epops from ”brèches de Sardaigne”, possibly from this site. A owl similar to Nyctea scandiaca probably from this site (Milne-Edwards 1867-71) is presumably Bubo insularis.
IT 14 Cala della Calcina (Sardegna)
Sources: Kotsakis 1980, Louchart 2002, Louchart, Bedetti & Pavia 2005, Malatesta & Suriano 1970
Date: LP Post-Tyrrhenian
Fauna: Gavia sp., Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Ardea sp., Anser sp., Branta sp., Anatinae sp., Gypaetus barbatus, Aegypius monachus, Aquila npaloides, Aquila chrysaetos, Aquila sp., Milvus milvus, Buteo buteo, , Circus cf cyaneus, Falco peregrinus/biarmicus, Falco tinnunculus, Limosa sp., Larus sp., Columba livia, Tyto alba cf ernestii, Bubo insularis, Turdus sp., Sturnus sp., Corvus corax, Corvus corone/ frugilegus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Det.: Cardini, Cassoli, Suriano, Pavia
Stored: Museo di Paleontologia Universitá ”La Sapienza” Roma (MPUR)
Notes: A. k. a. Grotte de Dragonara
IT 21 Cava Panzini a Pontecorvo (Lazio)
Type: o
Sources: Bedetti 2003, Bidittu & Segre 1982, Cassoli 1978 (Bidittu & Cassoli 1969, Bidittu & Segre 1976-77)
Date: MP IS 9
Fauna: Anser sp.
Det.: Bedetti, Cassoli
Notes: A. k. a. Vetrine, Pontecorvo
IT 22 Cava Sud à Soave (Verona)
Type: c
Sources: Bedetti, 2003, Bedetti & Pavia 2004b, Mourer-Chauviré 1980b
Date: EP middle/late Villafranchien MNQ 19
Fauna: Branta sp., Circaetus gallicus, Aquila sp., Perdix n. sp., Palaeocryptonyx donnezani, Galliformes indet, Charadriiformes indet., Bubo bubo, Strix nebulosa, Strigidae sp., Alauda arvensis/Galerida cristata, Alaudidae indet., Corvus pliocaenus, Carduelis chloris, Fringillidae indet., Emberiza sp.
Det.: Bedetti, Mourer-Chauviré, Pavia
Stored: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Verona
IT 28 Colle Avarone (Frosinone)
Type: o
Sources: Bedetti 2003, Bidittu & Segre 1982, Cassoli 1978,1980
Date: MP IS 9?
Fauna: Anser sp., Stercorarius longicaudus
Det.: Bedetti, Cassoli
Notes: A. k. a. Ceprano a Avarone and Ceprano
Stored: Istituto di Paleontologia Umana
IT 33 Frascati (Lazio)
Type: o
Sources: Friant 1952, Lambrecht 1933, Palombo et al 2002 (Meli 1889,1892)
Date: LP, 20-70 Ka BP
Fauna: Gyps fulvus
Notes: Near km XIX via Anagnina.
IT 36 Grotta Luparello (Palermo)
Type: c
Alt: 130
Sources: Pavia 2000,2004, Vaufrey 1929, Wolf 1938-41
Date: MP? "Terre rouge á Elephants"
Fauna: Cygnus sp., Anser sp., Branta sp., Tadorna tadorna, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas sp., Aythya sp., Buteo buteo, Accipiter gentilis, Aquila sp., Gallus gallus, Alectoris graeca, Coturnix coturnix, Scolopax rusticola, Cuculus canorus,Columba livia/oenas, Columba oenas, Columba palumbus, Tyto mourerchauvireae, Bubo bubo, Athene trinacriae, Monticola saxatilis/solitarius, Turdus sp., Acrocephalus sp., Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Corvidae n. sp., Sturnus unicolor/vulgaris, Carduelis sp., Passeriformes sp.
Det: Pavia
Stored: Museo Geologico "G. G. Gemmillaro" di Palermo
IT 39 Grotta Rapaci (Sardegna)
Type: c
Sources: Louchart 2002, Louchart, Bedetti & Pavia 2005, Mourer-Chauviré & Weesie 1986
Date: LP
Fauna: Ciconia ciconia, Anser anser/fabalis, Anas sp., Gypaetus barbatus, Gyps melitensis, Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo, Aquila nipaloides, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Rallidae sp., Columba livia/oenas, Bubo insularis, Athene noctua, Asio flammeus, Apus apus,Dryocopus martius, Prunella collaris, Oenanthe sp., Turdus spp., Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvuis monedula, Corvus corax, Corvus corone/frugilegus, Passeriformes sp.
Det.: Louchart, Mourer-Chauviré, Weesie
IT 40 Grotta Romanelli (Puglia)
Alt: 18 Type: c
Sources: Bartolomei et al. 1979, Blanc 1920, 1928, Cassoli 1972, Cassoli, Gala & Tagliacozzi 2003, Cassoli, Segre & Segre 1979, Cassoli & Tagliacozzi 1994,1997a, Del Campana 1928, Gál 1999, Gala & Tagliacozzi 2000, Regalia 1904, Stehlin & Graziosi 1935, Tagliacozzi & Gala 2000, 2001, Vaufrey 1928, Wolf 1938-41 (Rovereto 1919)
Layer: A1
Date: LP LG Late Dryas 3 14C (A1+2) 10,320±130 , 9,880±100, 11,800±600, 9,050±100 BP
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps cristatus, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser brachyrhynchus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Tadorna tadorna, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Anas clypeata, Aythya ferina, Aythya fuligula, Melanitta fusca, Mergus albellus, Haliaeetus albicilla, Gyps fulvus, Aquila heliaca, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Alectoris graeca, Alectoris rufa, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pluvialis apricaria, Numenius phaeopus, Larus argentatus, Pterocles alchata, Streptopelia turtur, Tyto alba, Otus scops, Athene noctua, Asio flammeus, Apus apus, Galerida cristata, Turdus iliacus, Pica pica, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Layer: A2
Date: LP LG Late Dryas 3
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser brachyrhynchus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Clangula hyemalis, Melanitta fusca, Circus aeruginosus, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco peregrinus, Alectoris rufa, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Vanellus vanellus, Numenius phaeopus, Pinguinus impennis, Pterocles alchata, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Athene noctua, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Turdus pilaris, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Sturnus vulgaris
Layer: B
Date: LP LG Late Middle Dryas 3 14C = 11,930±520 BP
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser brachyrhynchus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Tadorna tadorna, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Oxyura leucocephala, Gyps fulvus, Circus macrourus, Accipiter gentilis, Aquila heliaca, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco peregrinus, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Grus cf. leucogeranus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pluvialis apricaria, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Scolopax rusticola, Numenius phaeopus, Pinguinus impennis, Pterocles orientalis, Pterocles alchata, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Athene noctua, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Turdus viscivorus, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Sturnus vulgaris
Layer: C sup.
Date: LP LG Middle Dryas 3 14C (C sup + inf) = 10,390±80, 9,790±80 BP
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Pelecanus crispus, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardea cinerea, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser brachyrhynchus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Aythya fuligula, Clangula hyemalis, Melanitta fusca, Bucephala clangula, Mergellus albellus, Mergus serrator, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Circus aeruginosus, Accipiter gentilis, Buteo lagopus, Aquila heliaca, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco vespertinus, Falco subbuteo, Falco eleonorae, Falco peregrinus, Alectoris graeca, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Gallinula chloropus, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Grus cf. leucogeranus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pluvialis apricaria, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Limosa limosa, Numenius phaeopus, Larus marinus, Pinguinus impennis, Pterocles alchata, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Tyto alba, Bubo bubo, Nyctea scandiaca, Athene noctua, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Hirundo rustica, Zoothera dauma, Turdus pilaris, Turdus iliacus, Turdus viscivorus, Pica pica, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Sturnus vulgaris, Loxia curvirostra, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Layer: C inf.
Date: LP LG Middle Dryas 3
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps nigricollis, Puffinus puffinus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Nycticorax nycticorax, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser brachyrhynchus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Tadorna tadorna, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Aythya fuligula, Melanitta fusca, Haliaeetus albicilla, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Circus aeruginosus, Accipiter gentilis, Aquila heliaca, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco vespertinus, Falco subbuteo, Falco eleonorae, Falco peregrinus, Alectoris graeca, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Grus cf. leucogeranus, Anthropoides virgo, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Philomachus pugnax, Numenius phaeopus, Larus marinus, Rissa tridactyla, Pinguinus impennis, Pterocles alchata, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Tyto alba, Athene noctua, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Turdus pilaris, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Sturnus vulgaris
Layer: D
Date: LP LG Early Dryas 3 14C = 10.640±100 BP
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser brachyrhynchus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Clangula hyemalis, Melanitta fusca, Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Circus cyaneus,Circus macrourus, Aquila heliaca, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco eleonorae, Falco peregrinus, Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Grus cf. leucogeranus, Anthropoides virgo, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Burhinus oedicnemus, Charadrius morinellus, Pluvialis apricaria, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Numenius phaeopus, Numenius arquata, Larus marinus, Pinguinus impennis, Pterocles alchata, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Bubo bubo, Athene noctua, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Turdus viscivorus, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Sturnus vulgaris
Layer: E
Date: LP LG Late Alleröd
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps cristatus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Anser fabalis, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Anser caerulescens, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Aythya ferina, Melanitta fusca, Gyps fulvus, Circus cyaneus, Accipiter gentilis, Aquila heliaca, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Alectoris graeca, Alectoris rufa, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Grus cf. leucogeranus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pluvialis squatarola, Vanellus vanellus, Numenius phaeopus, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Athene noctua, Asio flammeus, Turdus pilaris, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Corvus corax
Layer: A-E
Date: LP Alleröd - Dryas 3
Fauna: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Phalacrocorax carbo, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser anser, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Branta ruficollis, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas acuta, Aythya ferina, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco peregrinus, Alectoris graeca, Coturnix coturnix, Grus grus, Grus cf. leucogeranus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Numenius phaeopus, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Asio flammeus, Apus apus, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Sturnus vulgaris
Det: Cassoli, Tagliacozzi, Gala
Layer: ?
Date: LP
Fauna: Anser anser, Anser cf erythropus, Anser cf albifrons, Anser cf fabalis, Branta bernicla, Branta cf leucopsis, Branta cf ruficollis, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas cf strepera, Anas penelope, Mergus serrator, Fulica atra, Grus grus, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pluvialis apricaria, Columba oenas, Turdus pilaris
Det: Gál
Stored: Hungarian Geological Institute
Layer: G "Terra Rossa" Date: LP Archaic Mousterian, Middle Würm, ca 40-70 Ka BP?
Fauna: Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, Columba livia
Det: Blanc
Layer: H (lower Stalagmite) Date: LP Archaic Mousterian, Early Würm ca 70 Ka BP?
Fauna: Anser albifrons
Det: Blanc
Layer: I
Date: LP Archaic Mousterian, Early Würm?
Fauna: Aquila sp., Columba livia, Turdus sp., Corvus corax, Corvus monedula
Det: Blanc
Layer: G-I "Terra Rossa" Date: LP Archaic Mousterian, Early Würm?
Fauna: Anser albifrons, Scolopax rusticola, Nyctea scandiaca, Strix uralensis
Det: Cassoli
IT 53 Grotta del Fossellone (Lazio)
Type: c
Sources: Alhaique, Biondi et al 1998, Alhaique & Tagliacozzi 2000, Cassoli 1980, Cuisin & Vigne 1998
Layer: 21.
Date: LP Aurignacian
Fauna: Anser albifrons, Aquila chrysaetos, Gyps fulvus, Alectoris rufa, Alectoris graeca, Alectoris barbara, Alectoris sp., Perdix perdix, Otis tarda, Columba palumbus, Columba sp., Columba livia, Nyctea scandiaca, Strix aluco/Tyto alba, Lullula arborea, Corvus corone, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Turdus merula, Turdus sp.
Layer: 23-27.
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Branta bernicla, Perdix perdix, Columba livia, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Fringilla coelebs
Det: Recchi
Date: LP Mousterian/Aurignacian
Fauna: Botaurus stellaris, Falco vespertinus, Columba oenas, Bubo bubo, Turdus viscivorus, Corvus monedula
Det: Cassoli
IT 59 Grotta della Madonna (Calabria)
Type: c
Sources: Cassoli 1972, Cassoli 1980, Cassoli & Tagliacozzi 1994, Tagliacozzo & Gala 2001,2002
Layer: L Date: LP LG Upper Paleolithic 14C=8735±80-12100±150 BP
Fauna: Gavia arctica, Gavia stellata, Podiceps cristatus, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Botaurus stellaris, Cygnus cygnus, Anser fabalis, Anser albifrons, Anser anser, Tadorna tadorna, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Anas querquedula, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Aythya fuligula, Somateria mollissima, Bucephala clangula, Mergus merganser, Mergus serrator, Buteo buteo, Fulica atra, Larus argentatus, Scolopax rusticola, Pterocles orientalis, Columba livia, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: ? Date: LP?
Fauna: Calonectris diomedea, Botaurus stellaris, Cygnus cygnus, Anser albifrons, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas penelope, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Bucephala clangula, Mergus merganser, Mergus serrator, Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo, Aquila chrysaetos, Circus cyaneus, Circus macrourus, Circus aeruginosus, Falco subbuteo, Falco tinnunculus, Tetrao tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Alectoris graeca, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Fulica atra, Otis tarda, Columba livia, Columba palumbus, Streptopelia turtur, Cuculus canorus, Otus scops, Bubo bubo, Athene noctua, Strix aluco, Asio flammeus, Apus apus, Coracias garrulus, Melanocorypha calandra, Ptyonorogne rupestris, Turdus viscivorus, Turdus pilaris, Fringilla coelebs, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Corvus corax, Garrulus glandarius
Det.: Cassoli
Notes: A. k. a. Praia a Mare
IT 62 Grotta di Cardamone (Puglia)
Type: c
Sources: Botti 1891, Cardini 1961, Cassoli 1980, Lambrecht 1933, Rustioni et al. 1999, Vaufrey 1927,1928, Wolf 1938-41
Date: LP
Fauna: Anser albifrons, Branta bernicla, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Mergus merganser, Buteo buteo, Buteo lagopus, Aquila chrysaetos, Circus cyaneus, Circus macrourus, Circus aeruginosus, Falco rusticolus, Falco subbuteo, Falco tinnunculus, Otis tarda, Calidris canutus, Charadrius morinellus, Nyctea scandiaca, Asio otus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corone
Date: LP
Fauna: Grus grus, Otis tarda, Columba oenas, Strix sp., Corvus corax
Det.: Blanc?, Botti Stored: Istituto Tecnico di Lecce
Date: LP
Fauna: Branta bernicla, Haliaeetus albicilla, Buteo buteo, Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, Columba livia/oenas, Cuculus canorus minor, Bubo bubo
Det: Pavia
IT 63 Grotta di Corbeddu (Sardegna)
Alt: 200 Type: c
Sources: Hoofmeijer 1997, Louchart 2002, Louchart, Bedetti & Pavia 2005, Mourer-Chauviré & Weesie 1986, Weesie 1999
Date: LP/Hol 8-15 KA BP
Layer: Salle I
Fauna: Gyps sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Columba palumbus, Bubo insularis
Layer: Salle II
Fauna: Anser sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Aquila nipaloides, Bubo insularis, Athene noctua
Layer: Salle III
Fauna: Accipiter gentilis, Aquila chrysaetos, Columba livia/oenas
Layer: Salle IV (Couche 1)
Fauna: Columba palumbus, Bubo insularis
Layer: Salle IV (Couche 2)
Fauna: Anser sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Aquila nipaloides, Scolopax rusticola, Otus scops, Bubo insularis
Layer: Salle IV (Couche 3)
Fauna: Anser sp.
Layer: Unknown
Fauna: Aquila sp., Turdus sp., Passeriformes small spp.
Det.: Louchart, Mourer-Chauviré, Weesie
IT 74 Ingarano (Foggia)
Alt: 270 Type: c
Sources: Barbato et al. 1992, Bedetti & Pavia 2007, Pavia 2000, Petronio et al 1996, 2006
Date: LP IS 3, ca 50 KA BP
Layer; c, d, e
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo rufinus, Circus aeruginosus, Falco cherrug, Falco columbarius, Alectoris graeca, Perdix perdix, Columba livia, Nyctea scandiaca, Nyctea scandiaca/Bubo bubo, Athene noctua, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Corvus corax, Corvus corone, Corvus corone/frugilegus
Det.: Bedetti, Cassoli, Parry, Pavia
Stored: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Università "La Sapienza" di Roma
IT 75 Loreto a Venosa (Basilicata)
Type: o
Sources:Bedetti 2003, Cassoli 1978,1980
Date: MP Acheulean c. 200-750 KA BP
Upper Levels
Fauna: Otis tarda
Lower Levels
Fauna: Botaurus stellaris, Anser anser, Branta leucopsis,, Mergus serrator, Anatidae sp., Coturnix coturnix, Fulica atra, Strigidae sp., Sturnus vulgaris, Passeriformes sp.
Det.: Bedetti, Cassoli
Notes: layer 2-4: 198-215 KA BP, layer 8-9: 293-311 KA BP, layer 37: Brunhes/Matuyama border (c. 730 KA BP)
Stored: Istituto di Paleontologia Umana
IT 78 Monte Argentario (Toscana)
Type: c
Sources: Bedetti 2003, Cassoli 1980, Caterini 1921, Portis 1887
Date: EP
Fauna: Alectoris, Columba livia
Det: Cassoli, Bedetti
Stored: Istituto di Paleontologia Umana.
Date: LP?
Fauna: Columba oenas, Turdus iliacus
Det.: Del Campana
Notes: A. k. a. Miniera della Polveriera
IT 79 Monte San Giovanni (Sardegna)
Type: c
Sources: Cassoli 1980, Lambrecht 1933, Louchart 2002, Lydekker 1891b, Newton 1922a
Date: MP
Fauna: Milvus milvus, Aquila sp., Aegypius monachus, Tyto balearica cyrneichnusae, Alaudidae sp., Hirundo sp., Turdus sp., Fringillidae sp.
Det.: Lydekker, Louchart
Stored: BMNH or Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bâle?
IT 83 Monte delle Gioie (Lazio)
Type: o
Sources: Bedetti 2003, Cassoli 1978,1980, Taschini 1967
Date: MP (Protopontinian, "Riss II = Nomentana II") IS 7
Fauna: Phalacrocorax carbo, Ciconia ciconia, Cygnus olor, Cygnus columbianus, Cygnus sp., Anser albifrons, Anser sp., Branta leucopsis, Anas sp., Aythya ferina, Grus grus
Det.: Bedetti, Blanc, Cardini
IT 85 Notarchirico (Basilicata)
Type: o
Sources: Belli et al. 1991, Cassoli et al. 1999, Piperno 2002
Layer: Upper A-ALFA
Date: MP Acheulean c. 500-650 KA BP
Fauna: Anser fabalis, Anser cf fabalis, Anas acuta, Anas penelope, Anas querquedula, Anas clypeata
Det.: Cassoli
IT 95 Riparo Salvini (Lazio)
Alt: 35 Type: c
Sources: Bietti 1984a, Recchi 1996
Date: LP LG Final Epigravettian "Bölling/Dryas II" 14C=12,400±170 – 13,365±190 BP
Fauna: Anser albifrons, Branta bernicla, Anas acuta, Circus cyaneus, Perdix perdix, Alectoris rufa, Coturnix coturnix, Columba livia, Columba oenas, Apus apus, Coracias garrulus, Asio otus, Athene noctua, Motacilla cinerea, Hirundo rustica, Turdus iliacus, Turdus merula, Turdus philomelos, Lanius minor, Garrulus glandarius, Nucifraga cayocatactes, Corvus monedula, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Sturnus vulgaris, Fringilla coelebs, Carduelis chlorus, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Det.: Recchi, Cassoli
IT 97 Riparo di Fumane (Verona)
Alt: 470 Type: c
Sources: Bartolomei et al. 1994, Bon et al. 1991, Cassoli & Tagliacozzi 1992a,c,1994a,b, Fiore et al. 2004
Layer: D1d-e
Date: LP Aurignacian (base D1d) Gravettian/Epigravettian (D1d)
Fauna: Buteo lagopus, Circus pygargus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Nyctea scandiaca, Asio otus, Aegolius funereus, Turdus viscivorus, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Carduelis chloris, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: D1-1c
Date: LP Aurignacian
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Buteo lagopus, Aquila chrysaetos, Circus pygargus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco columbarius, Tetrao tetrix, Crex crex, Scolopax rusticola, Asio otus, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Turdus pilaris, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Loxia curvirostra, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: D3-2
Date: LP Aurignacian 14C=31700+1200-1100, 32300±400 BP (D3b)
Fauna: Falco vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco columbarius, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Strix aluco, Asio otus, Turdus viscivorus, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: D6-3
Date: LP Aurignacian 14C=31700+1200-1100, 32300±400 BP (D3b)
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Buteo lagopus, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco columbarius, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Actitis hypoleucos, Tringa glareola, Asio otus, Turdus viscivorus, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Carduelis cannabina, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: D7-6
Date: LP Aurignacian 14C=32300±500 BP (D6)
Fauna: Buteo lagopus, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco columbarius, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Actitis hypoleucos, Asio otus, Eremophila alpestris, Turdus viscivorus, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Loxia curvirostra, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: A2-1
Date: LP Aurignacian 14C=40 000+4000-3000, 36500±600, 31600±400, 32800±400, 32100±500 BP (A2), 31900±500 BP (A1)
Fauna: Buteo lagopus, Falco vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Scolopax rusticola, Vanellus vanellus, Columba oenas, Strix aluco, Asio otus, Dendrocopos leucotos, Lullula arborea, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Turdus viscivorus, Turdus pilaris, Pica pica, Garrulus glandarius, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula, Loxia pytyopsittacus, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: A3
Date: LP Aurignacian
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Lagopus mutus, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Crex crex, Asio otus, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Montifringilla nivalis
Layer: A4I-4
Date: LP Uncertain (transitional MP/UP, Uluzzian?) industry
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix, Alectoris graeca, Perdix perdix, Crex crex, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A4II
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Crex crex, Scolopax rusticola, Asio otus, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A6-5
Date: LP Mousterian, TL (A6) = 50±8 KA BP, C14 (A5+A6) = 38,250±700, 38,800±750 BP
Fauna: Falco vespertinus, Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Lagopus cf mutus, Crex crex, Scolopax rusticola, Oriolus oriolus, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus corax
Layer: A7
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A9-8
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix, Alectoris graeca, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A10
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Falco subbuteo, Tetrao tetrix, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A11
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix, Crex crex, Recurvirostra avosetta, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: A13-12
Date: LP Mousterian
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, Lagopus cf mutus, Turdus viscivorus, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Notes: Hystrix present
Layer: Rim
Date: LP (unstratified)
Fauna: Aythya ferina, Alectoris graeca, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Layer: BR12-1
Date: LP Mousterian, TL (BR11) = 57±8 KA BP, (BR12) = 55±7 KA BP
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, Falco vespertinus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Crex crex, Asio otus, Turdus viscivorus, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvus monedula
Layer: S9-1
Date: LP Mousterian, TL (S7) = 79±13 KA BP
Fauna: Falco tinnunculus, Falco eleonorae, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Crex crex, Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Montifringilla nivalis, Loxia curvirostra
Det.: Cassoli, Gala
Notes: A. k. a. Abri de Fumane.
IT 105 Contrada Tabuna (Ragusa)
Type: c
Sources: Cassoli 1980, Pavia 2000
Date: MP "Elephas falconeri faunal complex"
Fauna: Anatidae indet., Pterocles alchata, Tetrax tetrax
Det: Cassoli, Pavia
note: A. k. a. Tabuna a Ragusa
Stored: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Comiso
IT 113 Torre in Pietra (Lazio)
Type: o
Sources: Bedetti 2003, Cassoli 1978,1980
Layer: d Date: MP "Mousterian" IS 7
Fauna: Phalacrocorax carbo, Anser fabalis, Anser albifrons, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Aythya nyroca, Pandion haliaetus, Perdix perdix, Crex crex, Turdus pilaris, Turdus iliacus, Turdus merula, Nucifraga caryocatactes
Layer: m Date: MP Acheulean "Kataglacial Riss I" IS 9 K/Ar = 431-438 KA BP
Fauna: Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya nyroca
Det.: Bedetti, Cassoli
IT118 Vitinia (Lazio)
Type: o
Sources: Bedetti 2001, 2003, Caloi et al. 1983
Layer: e
Date: MP Late MP, IS 9?
Fauna: Podiceps grisegena, Ardea purpurea, Anser sp., Branta ruficollis, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas clypeata, Somateria mollissima, Mergus serrator, Fulica atra, Gallinago sp., Sturnus vulgaris, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Det.: Cuggiani, Cassoli, Bedetti
Stored: Museo di Paleontologia dell'Università di Roma, Vertebrati (MPUR/V)
Notes: A. k. a. Quartaccio quarry
IT 119 Abri Soman (Verona)
Type: c
Sources: Cassoli & Tagliacozzi 1992b, Tagliacozzo & Cassoli 1994
Date: LP Epigravettian, Dryas II-Alleröd (14C=11880±170-10370±110 BP)
Layer: Phase I
Fauna: Tetrao tetrix
Date: LP Epigravettian, Dryas III (14C=11880±170-10370±110 BP)
Layer: Phase II
Fauna: Aquila chrysaetos, Coturnix coturnix
Det: Cassoli
Notes: A. k. a. Riparo di Soman.
IT 123 Spinagallo (Sicilia)
Type: c
Alt: 120
Sources: Pavia 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007
Date: MP, c. 500 KA BP (AAR date) (OIS 6-22)
Fauna: Geronticus eremita, Anser erythropus, Branta cf ruficollis, Anas crecca/querquedula, Anas penelope, Marmaronetta angustirostris, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco eleonorae, Falco columbarius, Coturnix coturnix, Rallus aquaticus, Grus melitensis, Recurvirostra avosetta, Scolopax rusticola, Larus minutus, Larus ridibundus, Cuculus canorus, Columba livia/oenas, Columba palumbus, Streptopelia turtur, Tyto mourerchauvireae, Otus scops, Athene trinacriae, Aegolius martae, Caprimulgus cf europaeus, Apus melba, Apus apus/pallidus, Dendrocopos leucotos, Picus viridis, Calandrella brachydactyla, Lullula arborea, Hirundo daurica/rustica, Anthus sp., Prunella modularis, Erithacus rubecula, Oenanthe cf hispanica, Monticola saxatilis/solitarius, Turdus sp., Sylvia sp., Phylloscopus sibilatrix/collybita, Lanius senator, Pica pica, Pyrrhocorax graculus, Corvidae n. sp., Sturnus unicolor/vulgaris, Petronia petronia, Fringilla coelebs/montifringilla, Serinus sp., Carduelis chloris, Carduelis sp., Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Emberiza spp.
Stored: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (Università “La Sapienza”) di Roma.
Det: Pavia
JAPAN
JA 3 Gohezu-dou fissure (Iejima)
Sources: Rich et al. 1986, Matsuoka 2000
Date: LP
Fauna: Corvus macrorhynchos, Corvus connectens
Stored: Okinawa Prefectural Museum
Notes: A. k. a. Gohezudu.
JA 9 Minatogawa (Okinawa)
Sources: Hasegawa 1980, Rich et al. 1986, Matsuoka 1998, 2000
Date: LP 14C=9865±35-18250±650 BP
Fauna: Nycticorax caledonicus, Ardeidae sp., Anser anser, Anas falcata, Buteo buteo, Gallirallus okinawae, Porzana fusca, Scolopax mira, Columba janthina, Treron formosae, Columbidae sp., Otus bakkamoena, Hypsipetes amaurotis, cf Zoothera major, Turdus pallidus, Turdinae sp., Garrulus lidthi, Corvus connectens
Stored: Okinawa Prefectural Museum, Seiho Oyama pers. coll., National Science Museum, Tokyo
JA 10 Nojiri-ko (Nagano)
Alt: 645
Type: o
Date: LP, 11,000-53,000 BP
Sources: Kondo & Mazima 2001, Ono 1980a,b, Rich et al. 1986
Fauna: Phalacrocorax cf carbo, Anser fabalis, Phasianus soemmerringii
Notes: A. k. a. Tategahana
JA 12 Pinza-abu (Miyako)
Type: c
Sources: Matsuoka 2000, Rich et al. 1986, Ono & Hasegawa 1985a
Date: LP 14C = 25,800±900, 26,800±1,300 BP
Fauna: Phalacrocorax filamentosus, Anser anser, Aix galericulata, Buteo buteo, Butastur indicus, Haliaeetus cf pelagicus, Coturnix japonica, Exfalcatoria chinensis, Grus sp. nov., Turnix suscitator, Gallirallus aquaticus,, Rallus sp. nov., Porzana fusca, Scolopax mira, Scolopacidae sp., Columba janthina, Streptopelia orientalis, Strigidae sp., Hypsipetes amaurotis, cf Zoothera major, Turdus pallidus, Sylviinae sp., Emberizidae sp., Corvus macrorhynchus, Corvus connectens
Det: Matsuoka
Stored: National Science Museum, Tokyo
JA 13 Shimozibaru-do (Okinawa)
Type: c
Sources: Matsuoka 2000, Ono et al. 1982, Rich et al. 1986
Date: LP, 14C = 15,200±100 BP
Fauna: Anas acuta, Erithacus sp., Turdinae sp.
Stored: Okinawa Prefectural Museum
Notes: A. k. a. Shimojiburu cave and Shimojibaru-dou cave. On Kume island SW Okinawa.
JA 18 Yage (Shizuoka)
Sources: Rich et al. 1986, Tomida 1978, Nojima 2002
Layer: Upper Date: LP Würm
Fauna: Phasianus colchicus versicolor
Layer: Unknown Date: MP/LP “Mindel/Riss” - Würm
Fauna: Haliaeetus cf pelagicus, Spizaetus cf nipalensis, Gyps sp., Phasianus cf colchicus
LEBANON
LI 3 Saaidé II (Béqaa valley)
Alt: 1035
Type: o
Sources: Schroeder 1991, Churcher 1994
Date: LP LG Natufian
Fauna: Anser anser/albifrons, Anas acuta, Anas crecca, Netta rufina, Aquila cf heliaca., Otis tarda, Columba cf livia
Det: Churcher
MALTA
MA 1 Benghisa gap
Type: c
Sources: Borg 1999, Lambrecht 1933, (Despott 1929)
Fauna: Cygnus equitum, Cygnus falconeri, Branta leucopsis, Gyps melitensis, Tetrax tetrax
Det.: Lambrecht, Bate
MA 4 Ghar Dalam
Type: c
Sources: Bate 1916b,1920, Borg 1999, Fischer & Stephan 1974, Lambrecht 1933, Northcote 1992, Olson 1976, Savona-Ventura & Mifsud 1998, Vaufrey 1929, Wolf 1938-41 (Despott 1925,1927, Caton-Thompson 1923)
Layer: VI-VII, "Hippopotamus layer" Date: MP?, U/Th = 115±10 KA BP, ESR = 180 KA BP
Fauna: Anas acuta, Coturnix coturnix, Alectoris cf graeca, Tyto alba, Otus scops, Hirundo sp., Turdus sp., Sturnus vulgaris, Carduelis chloris, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Det.: Fischer & Stephan
Notes: Scolopax ghardalamensis redetermined as Coturnix coturnix by Olson (1976).
Layer: IVb/c - Va/b, “Cervus" or Pitymys melitensis-layer Date: LP
Fauna: Coturnix coturnix, Turdus sp., cf Amandava amandava
, Corvus cf frugilegus
Det.: Fischer & Stephan
Notes: Scolopax ghardalamensis redetermined as Coturnix coturnix by Olson (1976).
Layer: Unstratified
Fauna: Cygnus sp., Cygnus cygnus, Cygnus falconeri, Cygnus equitum, Anser fabalis, Anser sp., Branta bernicla, Branta leucopsis, Tadorna ferruginea, Tadorna tadorna, Anas sp., Aythya ferina, Marmaronetta angustirostris, Gyps melitensis, Hieraaetus fasciatus, Columba sp., Grus grus, Grus melitensis, Otis tarda, Tetrax aff tetrax, Strix melitensis, Asio flammeus, Strix aluco, Turdus cf merula, Turdus philomelos?, Corvus cf frugilegus, Corvus cf corone, Corvus corax?
Det.: Lambrecht, Bate, Lydekker? Stored: BMNH, National Museum of Natural History, Malta
Notes: A. k. a. Har Dalam. Lambrecht's record of Gyps melitensis from this site is erroneous according to Brodkorb (1964), but is listed by Borg (1999).
MA 8 Tal Herba fissure
Type: c
Sources: Borg 1999, Lambrecht 1933, Northcote 1992
Fauna: Cygnus equitum, Cygnus falconeri, Cygnus sp., Gyps melitensis, Accipiter nisus, Aquila chrysaetos, Circus aeruginosus, Columba cf livia, Columba palumbus, Asio flammeus
Stored: BMNH
Notes: A. k. a. Tal Ghaqba.
MA 9 Tal-Gnien
Type: c
Sources: Borg 1999, Harrison 1979a, Northcote 1983,1985,1992
Date: LP?
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus, Cygnus falconeri, Cygnus equitum, Anser small sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Grus grus, Grus melitensis
Stored: BMNH
MA 10 Zebbug Cave
Type: c
Sources: Borg 1999, Lambrecht 1933, Lydekker 1890,1891, Northcote 1985,1992, Parker 1869, Wolf 1938-41 (Despott 1927, Parker 1865)
Fauna: Cygnus cygnus, Cygnus falconeri, Cygnus olor, Cygnus equitum, Branta bernicla?, Anas sp.?, Gyps melitensis, Grus grus, Grus melitensis, Tyto melitensis?
Stored: BMNH
Notes: A. k. a. Jebbug
MOLDOVA
MO 1 Brynseny I
Type: c
Sources: Burchak-Abramovich 1975, Ganya 1965,1969, Ganya & Ketraru 1965, Mlíkovský 2001 (Ganya 1972)
Layer: Upper
Date: LP UP "Szeletian" 14C=14,700-26,600 BP
Fauna: Anser fabalis, Anser sp., , Falco tinnunculus, Buteo lagopus, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Gallus sp., Tetrax tetrax, Asio sp., Otus scops, Turdus sp., Corvus monedula, Garrulus glandarius, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Layer: Middle
Date: LP UP "Szeletian" 14C=14,700-26,600 BP
Fauna: Aythya nyroca, Falco tinnunculus, Falco sp., Aquila chrysaetos, Lagopus lagopus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix, Tetrax tetrax, Galerida cristata, Corvus monedula, Corvus sp., Garrulus glandarius
Layer: Lower
Date: LP UP "Szeletian" 14C=14,700-26,600 BP
Fauna: Anser anser, Anas sp., Anas platyrhynchos, Falco peregrinus, Falco vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus, Falco sp., Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Tetrax tetrax, Asio flammeus, Melanocorypha calandra, Turdus viscivorus, Lanius collurio, Corvus sp., Corvus monedula, Corvus corax, Pica pica
Det.: Voinstvenskii, Umanskaya
Notes: A. k. a. Brinzeni, Brynzeny.
MO 5 Brynseny II
Type: c
Sources: Burchak-Abramovich & Lakerbai n. d., Ganya 1969
Date: LP UP "Szeletian"
Fauna: Lagopus lagopus, Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Coturnix coturnix
Det: Ganya
MONTENEGRO
MN 2 Malisina stijena
Alt: 800
Type: c
Sources: Bogicevic & Dimitrijevic 2004, Gál, Dimitrijevic & Kessler 2003, Malez 1983a,1988b, Malez, Malez & Paunovic 1988
Date: LP LG Bölling or later
Fauna: Anas sp., Falco sp., Lagopus mutus, Lagopus lagopus, Alectoris graeca, Gallinago gallinago, Larus sp., Turdus merula, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Det: Malez
Date: LP, Late Palaeolithic
Layer: 1
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Lullula arborea, Anthus cf campestris, Fringilla montefringilla, Carduelis chloris
Date: LP, Late Palaeolithic
Layer: 2
Fauna: aff Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, Anas querquedula, Anas crecca, Aythya nyroca, Anseriformes indet., Falco cf vespertinus, Falco cf columbarius, Falco cf subbuteo, Falco sp., Lagopus lagopus, Hirundo cf daurica, Lanius collurio, Pica pica, Turdus merula, Turdus cf iliacus, Sturnus vulgaris, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Date: LP, Late Palaeolithic, 14C = 13,780±140 BP
Layer: 3b
Fauna: Anas querquedula, Falco columbarius, Lagopus lagopus, Sturnus vulgaris, Passeriformes sp.
Date: LP, Mousterian, 14C >38,000 BP
Layer: 9
Fauna: Anas sp.
Date: LP, Mousterian
Layer: 14
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax graculus
Date: LP, Mousterian
Layer: 15
Fauna: Corvus frugilegus
Det: Gál, Kessler
NETHERLANDS
NE 1 Bunde (Limburg)
Delete site, probably Late Holocene (Clason 1968, Meijer in litt.).
NE 2 Maastricht-Belvédére (Limburg)
Type: o
Sources: van Kolfschoten 1985, 1993
Layer: 4B-C Date: Late MP Belvedere interglacial (IS 7?)
Fauna: cf Anas platyrhynchos
Layer: 5 Date: Late MP IS 6?
Fauna: Nyctea scandiaca
Det.: Weesie
PORTUGAL
PG 2 Grotte de Furninha (Leiria)
Type: c
Sources: Harlé 1909,1911, Lambrecht 1933, Roche 1972, Villalta 1964, Wolf 1938-41
Date: LP
Layer: 4 m
Fauna: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 4.50 m
Fauna: Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Tadorna tadorna, Anas crecca, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 6 m
Fauna: Tadorna tadorna, Columba livia, Pica cf pica, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Layer: 7 m
Fauna: Calonectris diomedea, Cygnus cf olor, Tadorna tadorna, Melanitta nigra, Asio flammeus, Turdus philomelos, Turdus iliacus, Turd